alternativeАльтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)1608-8298Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс10.15518/isjaee.2015.04.02alternative-104Research ArticleВОДОРОДНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКАHYDROGEN ECONOMYПРОТОННО-ОБМЕННЫЕ МЕМБРАНЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ГЕТЕРОПОЛИСОЕДИНЕНИЙ ДЛЯ НИЗКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫХ ТОПЛИВНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВPROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES BASED ON HETEROPOLY COMPOUNDS FOR LOW TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLSДобровольскийЮ. А.DobrovolskyY. A.

доктор химических наук,  профессор, заведующий отделом ИПХФ РАН

D. Sci. (Chemistry), Professor, Head of Department of IPCP RAS

dobr@icp.ac.ruЧикинА. И.ChikinA. I.

кандидат химических наук, младший научный сотрудник ИПХФ РАН

PhD (Chemistry), Junior Research Scientist of IPCP RAS

dobr@icp.ac.ruСангиновЕ. А.SanginovE. A.

кандидат химических наук, старший научный сотрудник ИПХФ РАН

PhD  (Chemistry), Senior Researcher of IPCP RAS

dobr@icp.ac.ruЧубА. В.ChubA. V.

инженер ИПХФ РАН

engineer of IPCP RAS

dobr@icp.ac.ruИнститут проблем химической физики Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation201511112015042245Copyright © Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 20152015Международный издательский дом научной периодики "СпейсМеждународный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейсhttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/104

В обзоре проанализирована научная литература по использованию гетерополисоединений, твердых протонных проводников, полимерных протонно-обменных мембран для низкотемпературных топливных элементов. Кратко рассмотрены функции электролитов, выполняемые при работе в составе топливных элементов, и предъявляемые к ним требования, структура и транспортные свойства перфторированных протонно-обменных мембран – основных кандидатов на практическое применение в топливных элементах, – отмечены основные недостатки мембран, ограничивающие их использование. Отдельное внимание в обзоре уделено структуре и свойствам гетерополисоединений. Подробно рассмотрены свойства гетерополикислот (фосфор- и кремневольфрамовых), содержащих анионы со структурой Кеггина. В основной части обзора проанализированы методы получения композитных мембран на основе перфторированных и ароматических сульфосодержащих полимеров и гетерополисоединений и экспериментальные данные по влиянию природы и содержания гетерополисоединений на транспортные свойства полимерного электролита. Показано, что модифицирование гетерополисоединениями полимерных мембран является одним из перспективных методов улучшения их характеристик. Благодаря наличию собственной протонной проводимости и высокой гидрофильности, введение гетерополисоединений в полимерный электролит в ряде случаев позволяет существенно улучшить их протонную проводимость, особенно при повышенных температурах, а также уменьшить проницаемость по метанолу. В заключительной части обзора рассмотрены данные по использованию композитных полимерных электролитов, содержащих гетерополисоединения, в топливных элементах, проанализировано влияние гетерополисоединений на характеристики электрохимических устройств. Показано, что введение гетерополисоединений в мембрану позволяет существенно повысить рабочую температуру эксплуатации и характеристики топливного элемента.

The review has analyzed the papers relative to heteropoly compounds, as solid proton conductors, for modification of polymer proton exchange membranes for their usage as low temperature fuel cells. The electrolyte functions and requirements, the structure and transport properties of perfluorinated proton exchange membranes which are the main candidates for practical applications are briefly considered. The main disadvantages of these membranes limiting their use are also highlighted. A special attention is given to the structure and properties of heteropoly compounds. The properties of heteropoly acids (phospho- and silicotungstic) containing anion with Keggin structure are discussed in details. In the main part of the review the methods of the preparation of the composite membranes based on perfluorinated and aromatic polymers and heteropoly compounds, the influence of the nature and content of the heteropoly compounds on their transport properties are analyzed. It is shown that the modification of polymer membranes by heteropoly compounds is one of the most promising methods to improve membranes performance. Due to its own high proton conductivity introduction of heteropoly compounds into polymer electrolytes in some cases can significantly improve proton conductivity, particularly at elevated temperatures, and reduce the methanol permeability. In the final part of the review the data on the use of composite polymer electrolytes with heteropoly compounds in the fuel cells and the influence of heteropoly compounds on the performance of the electrochemical devices are analyzed. It is shown that introduction of dopants inside of membrane can significantly increase both the operating temperature and performance of the fuel cell.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.