<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">alternative</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Альтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-8298</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15518/isjaee.2017.19-21.095-105</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">alternative-1123</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОДОРОДНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYDROGEN ECONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МИНИ-ТЭЦ НА БАЗЕ ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКОГО ГЕНЕРАТОРА И КОНВЕРТОРА МЕТАНА С ЗАТОРМОЖЕННЫМ ПСЕВДООЖИЖЕННЫМ СЛОЕМ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MINI CHP BASED ON THE ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATOR AND IMPEDED FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR FOR METHANE STEAM REFORMING</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубинин</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubinin</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, профессор кафедры «Теплоэнергетика и теплотехника»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (engineering), Professor of Power Engineering and Thermal Engineering department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.e.shcheklein@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щеклеин</surname><given-names>С. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheklein</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой «Атомные станции и возоб- новляемые источники энергии»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (engineering), Professor, the Head of Atomic Stations and Renewable Energy Sources department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.e.shcheklein@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тупоногов</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tuponogov</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, профессор кафедры «Теплоэнергетика и теплотехника»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (engineering), Professor at Heat Power Engineering Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.e.shcheklein@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ершов</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ershov</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистрант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.Sc. student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.e.shcheklein@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>19-21</issue><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/1123">https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/1123</self-uri><abstract><p>Предложена компоновка когенерационной энергоустановки (мини-ТЭЦ) с реактором конверсии метана и батареей твёрдооксидных топливных элементов (ТОТЭ) планарной конструкции. Такая мини-ТЭЦ вырабатывает электроэнергию, производит перегретый водяной пар, подогревает воздух и метан, используемые в конверторе, а также катодный воздух, используемый в батареях ТОТЭ в качестве окислителя. Кроме того, создана математическая модель работы этой энергоустановки. Экспериментально исследована работа термохимического реактора с заторможенным псевдоожиженным слоем – реактора, который является основой для производства синтез-газа (топливо для батарей ТОТЭ). Для обеспечения эндотермической реакции паровой конверсии метана в реакторе при соотношении 3:1 и подогрева продуктов этой же реакции, часть продуктов конверсии окислялась воздухом, подававшимся в верхнюю зону заторможенного псевдоожиженного слоя. Исследования показали, что с помощью этого реактора можно получать синтез-газ, содержащий 55 % водорода. С помощью математического моделирования уточнены основные размеры реактора, а также расход метана, воды и воздуха на конверсию метана. Представлены тепловые балансы конвертора, батареи ТОТЭ и котла-утилизатора, предназначенного для производства перегретого водяного пара, подогрева воздуха и метана, используемых в конверторе, а также катодного воздуха, на основе которых рассчитаны: доли полезного продукта в конверторе метана, водорода, окисленного в аноде ТОТЭ, электрический КПД (брутто), температура в аноде, экзотермический эффект ре- акции окисления водорода из синтез-газа кислородом из воздуха, приращение энтропии при стандартных параметрах и изменение энергии Гиббса, ЭДС топливного элемента, удельные расходы условного топлива на производство электрической и тепловой энергии. Расчёты показали, что температура продуктов окисления водорода в аноде ТОТЭ составила 850 ºС; электрический КПД (брутто) – 61,0 %; ЭДС одного топливного элемента – 0,985 В; доля водорода, окисленного в аноде ТОТЭ, – 64,6 %; удельный расход условного топлива на выработку электрической энергии – 0,16 кг у.т./(кВт·ч); тепловой энергии – 44,7 кг у.т/ГДж. Удельные параметры согласуются с данными других исследований.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents the scheme of mini CHP with methane reformer and planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) stack. The mini CHP produces electricity, superheated steam, hot air and methane for the reformer and it also preheats cathode air used in the SOFC stack as an oxidant. Moreover, the scheme’s mathematical model is constructed. The thermochemical reactor with impeded fluidized bed for autothermal steam reforming of methane (reformer) studied experimentally is the key element in producing synthesis gas – fuel for the SOFC stack. The research indicates that synthesis gas containing 55% of hydrogen can be derived using the reactor. Through mathematical modeling, the entire reactor’s principal dimensions as well as flow rates of air, water and methane were adjusted to the methane reforming for the mini CHP studied. The paper includes the heat balances of the reformer, SOFC stack and waste heat boiler that produces the superheated steam, hot air and methane for the reformer as well as preheated cathode air. These balances were instrumental for calculating the useful product fraction in the reformer, fraction of hydrogen oxidized in the SOFC anode channel, electric gross efficiency, anode temperature, exothermic effect of synthesis gas hydrogen oxidation by air oxygen, excess entropy and Gibbs free energy change at standard conditions, SOFC electromotive force (EMF), specific flow rate of standard fuel for heat, and power generation. The simulation study has shown that the hydrogen oxidation products temperature in the SOFC anode channel is 850ºС, electric gross efficiency 61.0%, single fuel cell EMF 0.985 V, fraction of hydrogen oxidized in the SOFC anode channel 64.6%, specific flow rate of standard fuel for power generation 0.16 kg/(kW·h), for heat generation 44.7 kg/GJ. All the specific parameters are in good agreement with other publications results.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когенерационная энергоустановка</kwd><kwd>реактор</kwd><kwd>паровая конверсия метана</kwd><kwd>синтез-газ</kwd><kwd>псевдоожиженный слой</kwd><kwd>гранулированный катализатор</kwd><kwd>топливные элементы</kwd><kwd>доля окисленного водорода</kwd><kwd>теплообменник</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cogeneration power station</kwd><kwd>reformer</kwd><kwd>steam methane conversion</kwd><kwd>syngas</kwd><kwd>fluidized bed</kwd><kwd>granulated catalyst</kwd><kwd>solid oxide fuel cells</kwd><kwd>partial oxidation of hydrogen</kwd><kwd>heat exchanger</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lykova, S.A. Highly efficient hybrid power generation systems based on fuel cells [Text] / S.A. Lykova // Thermal Engineering. – 2002. – Vol. 49. – No 1. – P. 54–60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lykova S.A. Highly efficient hybrid power generation systems based on fuel cells. Thermal Engineering, 2002;49(1):54–60 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sgobbi, A. How far away is hydrogen? Its role in the medium and long-term decarbonisation of the European energy system [Text] / A. Sgobbi [et al.] // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2016. – Vol. 41. – No 1. – P. 19–35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sgobbi A. How far away is hydrogen? Its role in the medium and long-term decarbonisation of the European energy system. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016;41(1):19–35 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grigory’ants, R.R. Thermodynamic model and analysis of hybrid power installations built around solidoxide fuel cells and gas-turbine units [Text] / R.R. Grigor'yants [et al.] // Thermal Engineering. – 2008. – Vol. 55. – No 9. – P. 790–794.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigor'yants R.R. Thermodynamic model and analysis of hybrid power installations built around solidoxide fuel cells and gas-turbine units. Thermal Engineering, 2008;55(9):790–794 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubinin, A.M. Experimental and theoretical study of the effectiveness of the production of hydrogen by steam conversion of methane using circulating fluidized bed technology [Text] / A.M. Dubinin [et al.] // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2016. – Vol. 41. – No 20. – P. 8433–8437.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubinin A.M. Experimental and theoretical study of the effectiveness of the production of hydrogen by steam conversion of methane using circulating fluidized bed technology. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016;41(20):8433–8437 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubinin, A.M. Modeling the process of producing hydrogen from methane [Text] / A.M. Dubinin, V.G. Tuponogov, I.S. Ikonnikov // Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering. – 2013. – Vol. 47. – No 6. – P. 697–701.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubinin A.M. Modeling the process of producing hydrogen from methane. Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering, 2013;47(6):697–701 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beznosova, D.S. Prospects for using hybrid power installations on the basis of solid-oxide fuel cells integrated with intracycle coal gasification [Text] / D.S. Beznosova [et al.] // Thermal Engineering. –</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beznosova D.S. Prospects for using hybrid power installations on the basis of solid-oxide fuel cells integrated with intracycle coal gasification. Thermal Engineering, 2011;58(9):774–778 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubinin, A.M. Determining maximum capacity of an autothermal fluidized-bed gas generator [Text] / A.M. Dubinin, V.G. Tuponogov, D.V. Filippov // Thermal Engineering. – 2009. – Vol. 56. – No 5. – P. 421–425.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubinin A.M. Determining maximum capacity of an autothermal fluidized-bed gas generator. Thermal Engineering, 2009;56(5):421–425 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shigarov, A.B. Modeling of membrane reactor for steam methane reforming: From granular to structured catalysts [Text] / A.B. Shigarov, V.A. Kirillov // Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering. – 2012. – Vol. 46. – No 2. – P. 97–107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shigarov A.B. Modeling of membrane reactor for steam methane reforming: From granular to structured catalysts. Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering, 2012;46(2):97–107 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurganov, V.A. High-Temperature HeatShielding Panels with Thermochemical Cooling Based on the Reaction of Steam Conversion of Methane [Text] / V.A. Kurganov [et al.] // High Temperature. – 2000. – Vol. 38. – No 6. – P. 926–937.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurganov V.A. High-Temperature HeatShielding Panels with Thermochemical Cooling Based on the Reaction of Steam Conversion of Methane. High Temperature, 2000;38(6):926–937 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lakhete, P. Modeling process intensified catalytic plate reactor for synthesis gas production [Text] / P. Lakhete, V.M. Janardhanan // Chemical Engineering Science. – 2014. – Vol. 110. – P. 13–19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lakhete P. Modeling process intensified catalytic plate reactor for synthesis gas production. Chemical Engineering Science, 2014;110:13–19 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurteeva, A.A. Single solid-oxide fuel cells with supporting Ni-cermet anode [Text] / A.A. Kurteeva [et al.] // High Temperature. – 2011. – Vol. 47. – No 12. – P. 1381–1388.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurteeva A.A. Single solid-oxide fuel cells with supporting Ni-cermet anode. High Temperature, 2011;47(12):1381–1388 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takeguchi, T. Study on steam reforming of CH4 and C2 hydrocarbons and carbon deposition on Ni-YSZ cermets [Text] / T. Takeguchi [et al.] // Journal of Power Sources. – 2002. – Vol. 112. – P. 588–595.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takeguchi T. Study on steam reforming of CH4 and C2 hydrocarbons and carbon deposition on Ni-YSZ cermets. Journal of Power Sources, 2002;112:588–595 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen, B. Exergy analysis and CO2 emission evaluation for steam methane reforming [Text] / B. Chen [et al.] // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2012. – Vol. 37. – No 4. – P. 3191–3200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen B. Exergy analysis and CO2 emission evaluation for steam methane reforming. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2012;37(4):3191–3200 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan, Y. Properties of thermodynamic equilibrium-based methane autothermal reforming to generate hydrogen [Text] / Y. Yan, J. Zhang, L. Zhang // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2013. – Vol. 38. – No 35. – P. 15744–15750.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan Y. Properties of thermodynamic equilibrium-based methane autothermal reforming to generate hydrogen. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013;38(35):15744–15750 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubinin, A.M. Mini coal-fired CHP plant on the basis of synthesis gas generator (CO + H2) and electrochemical current generator [Text] / A.M. Dubinin, S.E. Shcheklein // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2017. – Vol. 42. – No 41. – P. 26048–26058.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubinin A.M. Mini coal-fired CHP plant on the basis of synthesis gas generator (CO + H2) and electrochemical current generator. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017;42(41):26048–26058 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barona, J. Combustion of hydrogen in a bubbling fluidized bed [Text] / J. Barona [et al.] // Combustion and Flame. – 2009. – Vol. 156. – No 5. – P. 975–984.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barona J. Combustion of hydrogen in a bubbling fluidized bed. Combustion and Flame, 2009;156(5):975– 984 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коровин, Н.А. Топливные элементы и электрохимические установки [Текст] / Н.А. Коровин. – М.: Изд-во МЭИ, 2005. – 145 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korovin N.A. Fuel cells and electrochemical plants (Toplivnye elementy i elektrokhimicheskie ustanovki), Moscow: MPEI, 2005, p. 145 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баскаков, А.П. О механизме паровой газификации угля [Текст] / А.П. Баскаков, А.М. Дубинин, В.Г. Тупоногов // Промышленная энергетика. – 2008. – № 4. – С. 40–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baskakov A.P. On mechanism of coal steam gasification (O mekhanizme parovoi gazifikatsii uglya). Industrial Power Engineering, 2008;(4):40–42 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баскаков, А.П. Физико-химические основы тепловых процессов [Текст] / А.П. Баскаков, Ю.В. Волкова – М.: Теплотехник, 2013. – 173 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baskakov A.P. Physics and Chemistry of Thermal Processes (Fiziko-khimicheskie osnovy teplovykh protsessov). Moscow: Teplotehnik, 2013, p.173 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мунц, В.А. Исследование характеристик энергетической установки 5 кВт на твёрдооксидных топливных элементах с паровым риформингом природного газа [Текст] / В.А. Мунц [др.] // Теплоэнергетика. – 2015. – № 11. – С. 15–20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Munts V.A. Studying the characteristics of a 5 kW power installation on solid-oxide fuel cells with steam reforming of natural gas, Thermal Engineering, 2015;62(11):779–784 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivanov, P.P. Thermodynamic modeling of power plants based on solid oxide fuel cells [Text] / P.P. Ivanov // High Temperature. – 2011. – Vol. 49. – No 4. – P. 608–614.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov P.P. Thermodynamic modeling of power plants based on solid oxide fuel cells. High Temperature, 2011;49(4):608–614 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Собянин, В.А. Высокотемпературные твёрдооксидные топливные элементы и конверсия метана [Текст] / В.А. Собянин // Российский Химический Журнал (Журнал Российского химического общества им. Д. И. Менделеева). – 2003. – Т. 47. – № 6. – С. 62–70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sobyanin V.A. High temperature solid oxide fuel cells and methane conversion (Vysokotemperaturnye tverdooksidnye toplivnye elementy i konversiya metana). Russian Journal of General Chemistry, 2003;47(6):62–70 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peters, R. Analysis of solid oxide fuel cell system concepts with anode recycling [Text] / R. Peters [et al.] // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2013. – No 38. – P. 6809–6820.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peters R. Analysis of solid oxide fuel cell system concepts with anode recycling, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2013;(38):6809–6820 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korovin, N.V. Calculating the efficiency of a hybrid power station employing a high-temperature fuel cell [Text] / N.V. Korovin [et al.] // Thermal Engineering. – 2007. – Vol. 54. – No 2. – P. 137–141.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korovin N.V. Calculating the efficiency of a hybrid power station employing a high-temperature fuel cell, Thermal Engineering, 2007;54(2):137–141 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baskakov, A.P. Optimum chemical regeneration of the gases burnt in solid oxide fuel cells [Text] / A.P. Baskakov, J.V. Volkova, N.S. Plotnikov // Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics. – 2014. – Vol. 87 – No 4. – P. 763–772.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baskakov A.P. Optimum chemical regeneration of the gases burnt in solid oxide fuel cells. Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics, 2014;87(4):763–772 (in Eng.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яковлев, Б.В. Повышение эффективности систем теплофикации и теплоснабжения / Б.В. Яковлев. – М.: «Новости теплоснабжения». – 2008. – С. 448.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakovlev B.V. Increase in efficiency of central heating and heat supply systems (Povyshenie effektivnosti sistem teplofikatsii i teplosnabzheniya). Moscow: Novosti teplosnabzheniya, 2008, p.448 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
