alternativeАльтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)1608-8298Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс10.15518/isjaee.2017.25-27.024-034alternative-1181Research ArticleВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМАЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИКАRENEWABLE ENERGYОРТОГОНАЛЬНАЯ ТУРБИНА В ПОТОКЕ С ОГРАНИЧЕННЫМ ПОПЕРЕЧНЫМ СЕЧЕНИЕМORTHOGONAL TURBINE IN A STREAM OF RESTRICTED CROSS-SECTIONЛятхерВ. М.LyatkherV. M.

д-р. техн. наук, профессор; член Академии водных проблем (Россия); инженер, British American Turbines, Inc.; президент компании «New Energetics» (США)

British American Turbines, Inc.; New Energetics Inc.РоссияBritish American Turbines, Inc.; New Energetics Inc.Russian Federation201710122017025-272434Copyright © Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 20172017Международный издательский дом научной периодики "СпейсМеждународный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейсhttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/1181

Обсуждалась проблема использования энергии рек без создания плотин и затопления обширных территорий. Отмечены успехи в реализации и развитии идей патентов 1925 г. и 1931 г., где рабочие лопасти турбины движутся со скоростью большей, чем скорость потока. Приведены схемы новых турбин такого типа, например, сбалансированная шестиступенчатая одновинтовая турбина, турбина-спираль, сбалансированная двухлопастная турбина. Рассматривались характеристики свободнопоточных ортогональных турбин в потоках ограниченной ширины и глубины. Важнейшей характеристикой турбины является коэффициент мощности (эффективность), равный отношению энергии вращающейся турбины к кинетической энергии потока в трубке тока, проходящей через контур турбины. Отмечена возможность значительного увеличения мощности турбины в этих условиях по сравнению с условиями применения в неограниченных потоках. Увеличение мощности турбины в стесненном потоке связано с увеличением скорости течения в турбине на подходе к тыльному участку трассы лопастей. Сформулированы требования к параметрам турбины, обеспечивающим максимальную мощность при заданном расходе воды и допустимом подъеме уровня в реке. Эти требования состоят в определенных правилах выбора числа лопастей (и затенения) турбины с учетом допустимого повышения уровня воды (подпора) перед турбиной. Отмечена неустойчивость работы турбин при малых скоростях вращения, описана модификация конструкции турбины, устраняющая этот недостаток. Модификация быстроходных ортогональных турбин состоит в использовании разгонных лопастей с чашеобразным сечением, размещаемых на трассе с диаметром в 2 раза меньшим диаметра трассы основных (рабочих) лопастей плавно обтекаемого профиля. Установлено, что во всех рассмотренных вариантах турбин для потоков с ограниченным поперечным сечением конструкция системы лезвий может быть жесткой, что исключает единый центральный вал (ось) и приводит к его замене опорными полувалами.

 

The paper discusses the problem of using the energy of rivers without creating the dams and flooding vast areas and notes that there is a progress in the implementation and development of the ideas of patents in 1925, 1931 (the speed of the workers turbine blades is higher than flow rate). The paper gives the diagrams of the new turbines of this type, for example a balanced 6-tier single-vane turbine, turbine-spiral, a balanced two-bladed turbine. Moreover, the paper deals with the features free-threaded orthogonal turbines in the streams of the limited width and depth. The most important characteristic of a turbine is the turbine's power factor that is equal to the ratio of the energy of the rotating turbine to the kinetic energy of the flow in the current tube passing through the turbine circuit. There is a possibility of a significant increase in the power of the turbine in comparison with the conditions of use unlimited streams. The increase in turbine power in a straitened flow is associated with an increase in the flow velocity in the turbine on the approach to the rear section of the blades’ track. It is set the requirements of the turbine parameters for maximum power at a given water flow and the permissible level rise in the river. These requirements relate to the certain rules for selecting the number of blades (and shading) of the turbine, taking into account the permissible increasing in the water level (backup) in front of the turbine. The paper notes the turbines instability at low speed of rotation, describes a turbine design modification that eliminates this drawback. Modification of the high-speed orthogonal turbines is the use of accelerating blades with a cup-shaped cross-section, placed on the route within a diameter 2 times smaller than the diameter of the main (working) blades of the smoothly streamlined profile. It is concluded that all considered variants of turbines for streams with limited cross-section, the design of the blade system may be made rigid, which eliminates the single central shaft (axle), replacing it with a reference semishafts.

 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.