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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">alternative</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Альтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-8298</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15518/isjaee.2018.25-30.012-024</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">alternative-1501</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМАЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RENEWABLE ENERGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ВЛИЯНИЕ УГЛА НАКЛОНА И ПЛОТНОСТИ РАСПОЛОЖЕНИЯ ФОТОМОДУЛЕЙ НА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ФЭС</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>INFLUENCE OF SOLAR PANELS TILT ANGLE AND GROUND COVER RATIO ON PV PLANT PERFORMANCE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6144-2441</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаевский</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaevskii</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Юльевич Гаевский - доктор физика - математических наук, профессор кафедры возобновляемых источников энергии факультета электроэнерготехники и автоматики НТУУ «Киевский политехнический институт им. Игоря Сикорского»</p><p>д. 37, пр. Победы, Киев, 03056, </p><p>д. 20а, ул. Гната Хоткевича, Киев, 02094</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander Gaevskii - D.Sc. in Physics and Mathematics, Professor at the Department of Re newable Energy Sources of Electric Power Engineering and Automatics Faculty, Ihor Sikorsky Kyiv Poly technic Institute</p><p>37 Peremogy Av., Kyiv, 3703056, </p><p>20а Gnat Khotkevich Str., Kyiv, 02094</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.gaevskii@kpi.ua</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3350-6628</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Diomin</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Андреевич Демин - аспирант</p><p>д. 20а, ул. Гната Хоткевича, Киев, 02094</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrij Diomin - Postgraduate Student</p><p>20а Gnat Khotkevich Str., Kyiv, 02094</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mr.diomin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НТУУ «Киевский политехнический институт имени Игоря Сикорского»;&#13;
Институт возобновляемой энергетики НАН Украины</institution><country>Украина</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>NTUU Igor Sykorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute;&#13;
Renewable Energy Institute, NAS of Ukraine</institution><country>Ukraine</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт возобновляемой энергетики НАН Украины</institution><country>Украина</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Renewable Energy Institute, NAS of Ukraine</institution><country>Ukraine</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>25-30</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/1501">https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/1501</self-uri><abstract><p>Одним из основных факторов, влияющих на мощность фотоэлектрических станций, является взаимное частичное затенение солнечных панелей. Вследствие особенностей электрических схем соединения фотоэлектрических ячеек в фотомодулях (ФМ) и наличия обводных диодов частичное затенение может в несколько раз снижать мощность ФМ и, соответственно, существенно уменьшать эффективность генерации фотоэлектрической станции (ФЭС) в определенные часы дня. Частичное затенение рядов солнечных панелей по разному влияет на выработку энергии при вертикальном размещении ФМ в рамах солнечных панелей (портретная ориентация) и при горизонтальном размещении ФМ (альбомная ориентация). В данной работе предложен новый метод определения влияния частичного затенения на выработку ФЭС, применимый для любого сезонного периода работы ФЭС. Исходными данными для расчетов являлась почасовая генерация затененного и полностью освещенного рядов панелей. На основе этих данных рассчитывался фактор мощности, описывающий зависимость электрической мощности панели от степени затенения. Фактор мощности служит для определения суммы радиации, поступающей на наклонную поверхность панелей в течение каждого дня рабочего периода станции. При этом использовались многолетние данные измерений основных компонентов солнечной радиации для района расположения ФЭС и анизотропная модель радиации. Впервые предложены карты распределения среднесуточной генерации, имеющие вид контурных графиков в координатах «плотность размещения рядов панелей – угол наклона». Эти карты позволяют найти оптимальные соотношения указанных параметров при решении двух типов задач: 1) обеспечения максимально возможной выработки при заданной установочной мощности ФЭС или общей мощности ФМ; 2) определения наиболее рационального использования земельного участка под ФЭС, то есть получения максимальной выработки с единицы площади участка. Преимуществом предложенного аналитического подхода является то, что здесь допускается масштабирование на большие фотоэлектрические системы без увеличения времени компьютерных вычислений. В качестве примеров выполнены оптимизационные расчеты на основе данных мониторинга выработки ФЭС, расположенных в Германии, и данные эксперимента с затенением в Одесской области.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One of the main factors affecting the photovoltaic (PV) plant power is the self-shading from adjacent rows of solar panels. Due to the peculiarities of the electric connections of photovoltaic cells in PV modules and the presence of bypass diodes, the partial shading is capable of significantly decreasing the PV plant power at certain times of the day. The partial shading of solar panels effects in different ways on the energy production in cases of the vertical placement of PV modules in the panel’s frame (portrait mounting) and the horizontal placement of PV modules (landscape mounting). This work presents a novel analytical approach for determining of the inter-row shading effect on the large PV plant efficiency which is applicable for any seasonal period of PV operation. The initial data for calculations are the hourly generation of shaded and fully illuminated solar panels. On the base of these data, we have calculated the power factor that describes the dependence of the module's electrical power on the shading degree. The power factor is used to determine the amount of radiation entering the panel’s tilted surface during each day of the operation period. The long-term meteorological data for the main radiation components and one of the known anisotropic radiation model are necessary for these calculations. The main calculations result is the distribution maps for the average daily energy output which first proposed in our work. These maps have the form of contour graphs which build in the coordinates “the ground cover ratio – the tilt angle” as construction parameters. Using this maps one can find the optimal ratios of these parameters for two types of optimization problems: (1) ensure the maximum possible output under given installed PV power and (2) the determination of the most rational use of a land plot for PV plant, i.e. the obtaining of maximum PV production per unit of land area. The advantage of the analytical approach is that it allows scaling to large PV systems without increasing the computation time. As examples, the paper performs the optimization calculations based on the monitoring output data for the commercial PV plant located in Germany and on the experimental partial shading data in Odessa region.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фотоэлектрические станции</kwd><kwd>выработка электроэнергии</kwd><kwd>частичное затенение</kwd><kwd>ориентация фотоэлектрических модулей</kwd><kwd>угол наклона солнечных панелей</kwd><kwd>плотность расположения солнечных панелей</kwd><kwd>оптимизация</kwd><kwd>радиация</kwd><kwd>инсоляция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>PV plant</kwd><kwd>energy output</kwd><kwd>partial shading</kwd><kwd>orientation of PV modules</kwd><kwd>tilt angle of solar panels</kwd><kwd>ground occupation ratio</kwd><kwd>optimization problems</kwd><kwd>irradiance</kwd><kwd>insolation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang, T.P. 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