alternativeАльтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)1608-8298Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс10.15518/isjaee.2019.01-03.080-103alternative-1578Research ArticleОПТИЧЕСКИЕ ЯВЛЕНИЯ И УСТРОЙСТВАOPTICAL PHENOMENA AND FACILITIESПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МЕТОДОВ СВЕТОРАССЕЯНИЯ В БИОМЕДИЦИНЕ И ЭКОЛОГИИAPPLICATION OF DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING IN BIOMEDICINE AND ECOLOGYКириченкоМ. Н.KirichenkoM. N.

канд. физ.-мат. наук, научный сотрудник

д. 53, Ленинский пр-т, Москва, 119991, Россиятел.: +7(499)135-78-90

Ph.D. in Physics and Mathematics, Researcher

53 Leninsky Av., Moscow, 119991, Russiatel.: +7 (499) 135 78 90

maslovamarina87@gmail.comЧайковЛ. Л.ChaikovL. L.

канд. физ.-мат. наук, ведущийнаучный сотрудник

д. 53, Ленинский пр-т, Москва, 119991, Россиятел.: +7(499)135-78-90

Ph.D. in Physics and Mathematics, Leading Researcher,

53 Leninsky Av., Moscow, 119991, Russiatel.: +7 (499) 135 78 90

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7087-3419КазарянМ. А.KazaryanM. A.

д-р физ.-мат. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

д. 53, Ленинский пр-т, Москва, 119991, Россиятел.: +7(499)135-78-90

D.Sc. in Physics and Mathematics, Leading Researcher

53 Leninsky Av., Moscow, 119991, Russiatel.: +7 (499) 135 78 90

kazar@sci.lebedev.ruБулычевН. А.BulychevN. A.

д-р хим. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

д. 53, Ленинский пр-т, Москва, 119991, Россиятел.: +7(499)135-78-90

д. 4, Волоколамское шоссе, Москва, 125993, Россиятел.: +7(499)135-78-90

D.Sc. in Chemistry, Chief Researcher

53 Leninsky Av., Moscow, 119991, Russiatel.: +7 (499) 135 78 90

4 Volokolamskoe drive, Moscow, 125993, Russiatel.: +7(499)135 78 90

nbulychev@mail.ruФГУН Институт им. П.Н. Лебедева РАНРоссияLebedev Physical Institute of RASRussian FederationФГУН Институт им. П.Н. Лебедева РАН Московский авиационный институтРоссияLebedev Physical Institute of RAS Moscow Aviation InstituteRussian Federation201924022019001-0380103Copyright © Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 20192019Международный издательский дом научной периодики "СпейсМеждународный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейсhttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/1578

Обзор посвящен применению методов светорассеяния в биомедицине и экологии как в отечественной, так и в зарубежной практике. Кратко представлены основы теории динамического и статического рассеяния света, а также приведены результаты работ, посвященных применению этих методов в прикладных исследованиях. Методы светорассеяния неинвазивны, не повреждают структуру молекул и не влияют на естественное протекание процессов в образце, что делает их незаменимыми при исследовании биологических жидкостей. Применение этих методов для определения гидродинамических радиусов биомакромолекул (белков, ДНК и др.), их молекулярных масс, а также распределений интенсивности рассеянного света по их размерам в модельных и нативных биологических жидкостях (в плазме, сыворотке крови и т.д.) уже привело к разработке методик диагностики социально-значимых заболеваний (онкологических, сердечно-сосудистых и др.). Авторы этих методик показали, что такие параметры, как соотношение интенсивностей света, рассеянного на альбуминах и глобулинах, средние размеры агрегатов белков, коэффициенты их межмолекулярного взаимодействия в образцах разбавленной плазмы и сыворотки крови могут являться маркерами указанных патологий. Кроме того, с помощью методов светорассеяния другими авторами показано влияние низких концентраций ионов тяжелых металлов и малых доз радиоактивного излучения на плазму и сыворотку крови различных групп населения и выявлено наличие обменных нарушений у лиц, задействованных в атомной промышленности. Такие результаты открывают возможность применения методов для саногенетического мониторинга состояния здоровья населения, актуального с точки зрения экологии производств и экологически неблагоприятных территорий. В обзоре также представлено применение методов динамического рассеяния света для исследования переходов золь-гель в образцах, а также скоростей образования биополимерных гелей, их свойств и структуры, в том числе в присутствии новых наночастиц, что является новым и перспективным направлением применения методов светорассеяния.

The review is devoted to the modern state of science in the field of light scattering techniques application in the biomedicine and ecology. The theoretical basis of dynamic and static light scattering and the results of modern works of their using for different aims are presented in the work. Since these methods are non-invasive and do not disturb the essential course of different processes, they are useful and irreplaceable for studying the biological samples. Application of the methods for studying of the hydrodynamic radii, molecular weights and distributions of light scattering on biomacromolecular particle sizes in biological liquids already led to the development of techniques of diagnostics of different socially-important deceases (cancer, cardiovascular deceases, and diabetes). The authors of diagnostics found that the ratio of the light intensity on the sizes of albumins and globulins, the mean hydrodynamic radius of protein aggregates and the second virial coefficient are the sensitive parameters to pathological processes development in the human body. The review also presents the results of the works devoted to the study of theinflu ence of the low doses of ions of heavy metals and radioactive radiation on different groups of the population by light scattering. The results showed, for example, that the people involved in the nuclear industry have metabolic disorders. Such works open the possibility of application of light scattering technique for sanogenetic control of the population health, which is relevant from the ecological point of view of environmentally unfriendly territories and industries. The study of the structure and properties of the polymeric and biological gels and effects of different factors on them (including nanoparticles) is the perspective field of light scattering application. The works and their results presented in the review show the broad application of light scattering technique for different biological and ecological aims.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.