alternativeАльтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)1608-8298Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс10.15518/isjaee.2020.09.003alternative-2000Research ArticleI. ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМАЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИКА 5. Энергия биомассыI. RENEWABLE ENERGY 5. Energy of BiomassПроизводство водорода при централизованной утилизации отходов агропромышленного комплексаHydrogen production at centralized utilization of agricultural wasteКараеваЮ. В.KaraevaJ. V.

Юлия Викторовна Караева - кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории энергетических систем и технологий 

420111, Казань, ул. Лобачевского, 2/31, а/я 190

тел. (843) 273-92-31

Julia Viktorovna Karaeva -  Ph.D., Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Energy Systems and Technologies

420111, Kazan, st. Lobachevsky, 2/31, PO Box 190

Tel. (843) 273-92-31

julieenergy@list.ruИнститут энергетики и перспективных технологий – структурное подразделение Федерального исследовательского центра «Казанский научный центр Российской академии наук»РоссияInstitute of Power Engineering and Advanced Technologies, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202020042021025-273141Copyright © Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 20212021Международный издательский дом научной периодики "СпейсМеждународный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейсhttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2000

В агропромышленном комплексе существует проблема утилизации большого количества органических отходов. Наибольшая часть отходов образуется на животноводческих фермах (56%) и в растениеводстве (35,6%). Централизованные биогазовые установки являются хорошим решением для эффективной переработки сельскохозяйственных отходов и получения биотоплива. Для Республики Татарстан проведен анализ возможностей утилизации коровьего навоза и сухой биомассы амаранта с последующим производством водорода. Предложена схема размещения пяти крупных предприятий, утилизирующих отходы 7-10 районов, входящих в регион. Описана схема паровой каталитической конверсии биогаза. Предлагаемая схема производства водорода включает в себя: сбор растительных отходов и навоза животноводческих комплексов для централизованной утилизации (оптимальная смесь сухой биомассы листьев Amaranthus retroflexus L. и коровьего навоза по органическому сухому веществу составляет 1:1,5); приготовление смеси и ультразвуковая обработка при частоте 22 кГц и интенсивности воздействия 10 Вт/см2; процесс анаэробного сбраживания в мезофильном режиме при температуре 310 К, время гидравлического удержания 12 сут.; подача компрессором образующегося биогаза в газгольдер для промежуточного хранения; очистка биогаза от углекислого газа, сероводорода и других примесей в скруббере; паровой риформинг метана: биометан компрессором сжимается до давления 15 атм., затем подается в установку риформинга, подогревается, смешивается с паром в соотношении H2O/CH4=2,5 и подвергается конверсии при температуре 1073 К и давлении 1 атм., перед выходом полученный газ охлаждается до 573 К; каталитический реактор для осуществления реакции конверсии водяного пара, в котором смесь монооксида углерода с паром подвергается конверсии, продуктами являются водород и диоксид углерода; очистка полученного водорода до чистоты 99,99% об. в системе короткоцикловой адсорбции; подача водорода потребителю. Ежегодно можно утилизировать 4,4 млн. т. отходов, а также производить 107 341 кг/сут водорода с чистотой 99,99% об.

There is a problem of utilization a large amount of organic waste in the agro-industrial complex. Most of the waste is generated on livestock farms (56%) and crop production (35.6%). Centralized biogas plants are a good solution for efficient processing of agricultural waste and biofuel production. An analysis of the possibilities of cow dung utilizing and dry biomass of amaranth with the subsequent hydrogen production was carried out for Tatarstan Republic. The diagram of five large facilities utilizing waste from 7-10 districts included in the region is proposed. The diagram of steam catalytic conversion of biogas is described. The proposed hydrogen production scheme includes: collection of plant waste and manure of livestock complexes for centralized recycling (the optimal mixture of dry biomass of Amaranthus retroflexus L. leaves and cow manure for organic dry matter is 1:1.5); mixture preparation and ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 22 kHz and an exposure intensity of 10 W/cm2; anaerobic digestion in the mesophilic mode at a temperature of 310 K, the hydraulic retention time is 12 days; the compressor supplying the resulting biogas into the gasholder for intermediate storage; purification of biogas from carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and other impurities in the scrubber; steam methane reforming: the biomethane is compressed by a compressor to a pressure of 15 atm., then fed to the reformer, heated, mixed with steam in the ratio H2O/CH4=2.5 and subjected to conversion at a temperature of 1073 K and a pressure of 1 atm., before exiting, the resulting gas is cooled to 573 K; the catalytic reactor for carrying out a water vapor conversion reaction in which a mixture of carbon monoxide and steam is converted, the products are hydrogen and carbon dioxide; purification of the obtained hydrogen to a purity of 99.99% vol. in the short-cycle adsorption system; hydrogen supply to the consumer. It is possible to utilize of 4.4 million tons of waste annually, and also to produce 107341 kg / day of hydrogen with a purity of 99.99% by volume.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.