alternativeАльтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)1608-8298Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс10.15518/isjaee.2021.01.004alternative-2010Research ArticleV. КОНСТРУКЦИОННЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ. 13. НаноструктурыV. КОНСТРУКЦИОННЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ. 13. НаноструктурыИттрий в фуллеренахYttrium in fullerenesГаврылюкН. А.GavrylyukN. A.

Наталия Афанасьевна Гаврылюк, канд. хим. наук, науч. сотрудник отдела № 67 «Водородного материаловедения и углеродных наноструктур»; мл. науч. сотрудник отдела № 5 «Композитные материалы»

N.A. Gavrylyuk, Ph.D. (chemistry), Researcher of laboratory No 67 “Investigation of processes and systems of hydrogen and solar-hydrogen energy transformation”; Researcher Department of Composite Materials

shurzag@materials.kiev.uaАхановаН. Е.AkhanovaN. Y.

Назым Ерлановна Аханова, ученый секретарь Национальной нанотехнологической лаборатории открытого типа

N.Y.Akhanova, Scientific secretary of National nanotechnological laboratory of open type

ЩурД. В.SchurD. V.

Дмитрий Викторович Щур, канд. хим. наук, зав. отделом № 67 «Водородного материаловедения и углеродных наноструктур»

D.V. Schur, Professor, chief of laboratory № 67 “Investigation of processes and systems of hydrogen and solar-hydrogen energy transformation”

ПомыткинА. П.PomytkinA. P.

Анатолий Петрович Помыткин, канд. хим. наук, науч. сотр. отдела № 67 «Водородного материаловедения и углеродных наноструктур»; доцент

A. P. Pomytkin, associate professor, researcher of laboratory no. 67 “Investigation of Processes and Systems of Hydrogen and Solar-Hydrogen Energy Transformation”; associate professor at the National Technical University of Ukraine (KPI) (1975 till this time).

ВезироглуА.VezirogluA.

Айфер Везироглу, исполнительный вице-президент и финансовый директор, член ряда научных организаций

A. Veziroglu, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, member of several scientific organizations

ВезироглуТ. Н.VezirogluT. N.

T. Нейджат Везироглу, президент, лауреат нескольких международных наград, член 18 научных организаций

T.N. Veziroglu, President, recipient of several international awards, member of 18 scientific organizations

veziroglu@iahe.orgГабдуллинМ. Т.GabdullinM. T.

Маратбек Тулебергенович Габдуллин, канд. физ.-мат. наук, директор Национальной нанотехнологической лаборатории открытого типа

M.T. Gabdullin, PhD, director of National Nanotechnological laboratory of open type

РамазановТ. С.RamazanovT. S.

Т.С. Рамазанов, академик; доктор физическо-математических наук, профессор, проректор по научно-инновационной деятельности

T.S. Ramazanov, Academician of National Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan, Vice-Rector for Research, Head of Plasma Physics Department

ЗолотаренкоАл. Д.ZolotarenkoAl. D.

Александр Дмитриевич Золотаренко, к.х.н., старший научный сотрудник

Киев 03142

Al.D. Zolotarenko, Senior Researcher

ЗолотаренкоАн. Д.ZolotarenkoAn. D.

Анатолий Дмитриевич Золотаренко, к.х.н., старший научный сотрудник

Киев 03142

An.D. Zolotarenko, Senior Researcher

Институт проблем материаловедения НАН Украины; Институт химии поверхности им. А.А. Чуйко Национальной академии наук УкраиныУкраинаFrantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NASU; Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, NAS of UkraineUkraineРГП «Казахский национальный университет имени аль-Фараби»КазахстанKazakh-British Technical University (KBTU); National Nanotechnology Laboratory, Al-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstanИнститут проблем материаловедения НАН УкраиныУкраинаFrantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NASUUkraineИнститут проблем материаловедения НАН Украины; Национальный Технический Университет Украины (КПИ)УкраинаFrantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NASUUkraineМеждународная ассоциация по водородной энергетике (IAHE)Соединённые Штаты АмерикиInternational Association for Hydrogen EnergyUnited StatesМеждународная ассоциация по водородной энергетикеСоединённые Штаты АмерикиInternational Association for Hydrogen EnergyUnited StatesКазахский национальный университет имени аль-ФарабиКазахстанKazakh-British Technical University (KBTU)KazakhstanНАН РК; КазНУ имени аль-ФарабиКазахстанNational Nanotechnology Laboratory, Al-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstanИнститут проблем материаловедения Национальной академии наук (ИМПС НАН Украины)УкраинаFrantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NASU; Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, NAS of UkraineUkraineИнститут проблем материаловедения Национальной академии наук (ИМПС НАН Украины)УкраинаFrantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NASUUkraine20212104202101-34776Copyright © Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 20212021Международный издательский дом научной периодики "СпейсМеждународный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейсhttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2010

Исследование литературных данных показало, что иттрий инкапсулируется в молекулы фуллеренов в виде атомов металлов, кластеров нитридов, карбидов, сульфидов и других соединений.

Эндоэдральные металлофуллерены способны инкапсулировать до четырех атомов металла. В молекулах этих соединений атомы металла заряжены положительно благодаря переносу электрона с атома эндоэдрального металла в углеродный каркас фуллерена. Прежде всего, рассмотрены основные экспериментальные и теоретические достижения, описанные в ранних (до 2000 года) работах. Тщательно изучены достижения в области производства, разделения (выделения) и различных спектроскопических характеристик эндоэдральных металлофуллеренов в попытке выяснить их структурные, электронные и твердотельные свойства. Показано, что эндоэдральные металлофуллерены по электропроводности могут представлять собой металлы, полупроводники с малыми зазорами или изоляторы в зависимости от размера фуллерена, типа и числа инкапсулированных атомов металла. Интересными являются и другие электронные и магнитные свойства металлофуллеренов. Также, рассмотрены некоторые перспективные применения металлофуллеренов.

Кроме того, при анализе литературы по синтезу и свойствам металлоэндофуллеренов обращает на себя внимание очень большое число публикаций, связанных с экзоэдральной функциализацией МЭФ.

Прежде всего следует отметить, что главной проблемой, препятствующей развитию науки, технологии и применению фуллеренов, эндоэдральных металлофуллеренов и нанотрубок, была сложность получения образцов высокой чистоты. При введении в электродуговой процесс металлов ситуация усложняется из-за присутствия множества изомеров как фуллеренов, так и эндоэдральных металлофуллеренов. Экзоэдральная функциализация помогает решить проблему разделения продуктов синтеза, с одной стороны, и приводит к получению веществ с новыми полезными свойствами и потенциальными применениями в материаловедении и медицине.

Отмечено, что в настоящее время наиболее производительным и распространенным способом производства эндоэдральных фуллеренов является электродуговой процесс. На количественный и качественный выход МЭФ существенное влияние оказывают условия проведения процесса в реакторе.

The study of the literature data showed that yttrium is encapsulated in fullerene molecules in the form of metal atoms, clusters of nitrides, carbides, sulfides and other compounds. Endohedral metallofullerenes are capable of encapsulating up to four metal atoms. In the molecules of these compounds, the metal atoms are positively charged due to the transfer of an electron from the endohedral metal atom to the fullerene carbon cage. First of all, the main experimental and theoretical achievements described in early (up to 2000) works are considered. Achievements in the production, separation (isolation) and various spectroscopic characteristics of endohedral metallofullerenes have been thoroughly studied in an attempt to elucidate their structural, electronic, and solid-state properties. It is shown that endohedral metallofullerenes in electrical conductivity can be metals, semiconductors with small gaps, or insulators, depending on the size of the fullerene, the type and number of encapsulated metal atoms. Other electronic and magnetic properties of metallofullerenes are also interesting. Also, some promising applications of metallofullerenes are considered.In addition, when analyzing the literature on the synthesis and properties of metalloendofullerenes, a very large number of publications related to the exohedral functionalization of metallofullerenes attracts attention.First of all, it should be noted that the main problem hindering the development of science, technology and the use of fullerenes, endohedral metallofullerenes and nanotubes was the difficulty of obtaining high-purity samples. When metals are introduced into the electric arc process, the situation becomes more complicated due to the presence of many isomers of both fullerenes and endohedral metallofullerenes. Exohedral functionalization helps to solve the problem of separation of synthesis products, on the one hand, and leads to the production of substances with new useful properties and potential applications in materials science and medicine.It is noted that currently the most productive and widespread method for the production of endohedral fullerenes is the electric arc process. The quantitative and qualitative output of metallofullerenes is significantly influenced by the conditions of the process in the reactor.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.