alternativeАльтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)1608-8298Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс10.15518/isjaee.2022.01.069-076alternative-2122Research ArticleIV. ВОДОРОДНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА 12. Водородная экономикаIV. HYDROGEN ECONOMY. 12. Hydrogen EconomyПолучение газообразного водорода и наночастиц серебра при разложении углеводородов в низкотемпературной плазме, стимулированной ультразвукомObtaining of gaseous hydrogen and silver nanoparticles by decomposition of hydrocarbons in ultrasonically stimulated low-temperature plasmaБулычевН. А.BulychevN. A.

Николай Алексеевич Булычев - д-р хим. наук, профессор кафедры Физической химии 

125993, г. Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 4

Nikolay A. Bulychev – D.Sc. in Chemistry, professor

125993, Volokolamskoe shosse, 4, Moscow

nbulychev@mail.ruМосковский авиационный институт (Национальный исследовательский университет)РоссияMoscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)Russian Federation202207042022016976Copyright © Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 20222022Международный издательский дом научной периодики "СпейсМеждународный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейсhttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2122

В данной работе проведены экспериментальные исследования процесса получения водорода и наночастиц серебра с использованием интенсивной ультразвуковой кавитации, воздействующей на плазменный разряд в среде жидких углеводородов.

Было показано, что ультразвуковое воздействие выше порога кавитации интенсифицирует теплои массообменные процессы в обрабатываемой среде, а в сочетании с электрическим разрядом, способствующим появлению ионизованного состояния вещества (плазмы), такое воздействие способно разлагать сложные молекулы углеводородов до атомарного состояния с последующей рекомбинацией и образованием простых молекул.

Эксперименты по получению водорода и наночастиц проводились на специальной установке для реализации акустоплазменного разряда в жидкости. Установка включает в себя ультразвуковой генератор, пьезокерамический преобразователь, источник питания плазменного разряда, реакционную камеру, разрядные электроды.

Результаты анализа газообразных продуктов реакции методом газовой хроматографии показывают, что при акустоплазменном разложении углеводородов происходит образование практически чистого водорода (90-95%); в состав выделяющегося газа входят также пары исходных углеводородов.

Одновременно с получением водородосодержащего газа, при разложении углеводородов в плазменном разряде под действием ультразвуковой кавитации происходит образование наночастиц серебра. Синтезированные наночастицы были выделены и исследованы с помощью метода просвечивающей электронной микроскопии для установления формы и размера наночастиц.

Исследование наночастиц методом электронной микроскопии показало, что при синтезе получаются частицы в основном сферической формы. Размер синтезированных наночастиц составляет 30-40 нм. Методом электронной микроскопии показано также, что при агрегации частицы не укрупняются в размерах, а образуют составные ассоциаты. Важно отметить также, что преимуществом данного метода для синтеза наночастиц является их активированная поверхность, обладающая высокой реакционной способностью в результате воздействия интенсивного ультразвука.

Полученные наночастицы и их агломераты могут быть также использованы в качестве функциональных материалов, наполнителей, компонентов композиционных материалов.

In this work, experimental studies of the process of obtaining hydrogen and silver nanoparticles using intense ultrasonic cavitation affecting a plasma discharge in liquid hydrocarbons were carried out.

It was shown that ultrasonic action above the cavitation threshold intensifies heat and mass transfer processes in the treated medium, and in combination with an electric discharge, which contributes to the appearance of an ionized state of matter (plasma), such action is capable of decomposing complex hydrocarbon molecules to an atomic state with subsequent recombination and formation simple molecules.

Experiments on the production of hydrogen and nanoparticles were carried out on a special installation for the implementation of an acoustoplasma discharge in a liquid. The installation includes an ultrasonic generator, a piezoceramic transducer, a plasma discharge power source, a reaction chamber, and discharge electrodes.

The results of the analysis of gaseous reaction products by gas chromatography show that during the acoustoplasma decomposition of hydrocarbons, the formation of almost pure hydrogen (90-95%); the composition of the released gas also includes pairs of initial hydrocarbons.

Simultaneously with the production of a hydrogen-containing gas, the decomposition of hydrocarbons in a plasma discharge under the action of ultrasonic cavitation results in the formation of silver nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were isolated and studied using the method of transmission electron microscopy to determine the shape and size of the nanoparticles.

The study of the nanoparticles by electron microscopy showed that during the synthesis, particles are obtained, mainly spherical in shape. The size of the synthesized nanoparticles is 30–40 nm. It was also shown by electron microscopy that, upon aggregation, the particles do not become larger in size, but form compound associates. It is also important to note that the advantage of this method for the synthesis of nanoparticles is their activated surface, which has a high reactivity as a result of exposure to intense ultrasound.

The resulting nanoparticles and their agglomerates can also be used as functional materials, fillers, and components of composite materials.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.