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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">alternative</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Альтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-8298</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15518/isjaee.2023.05.068-086</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">alternative-2259</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОДОРОДНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYDROGEN ECONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тепловые эффекты предобработки субстратов темновой ферментации в аппарате вихревого слоя</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Thermal effects of pretreatment of dark fermentation feedstocks in a vortex layer apparatus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1983-3454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалев Андрей Александрович - главный научный сотрудник лаборатории биоэнергетических и сверхкритических технологий, доктор технических наук, инженер</p><p>109428, Москва, 1-й Институтский проезд, 5</p><p>+79263477955</p><p>Researchgate- 11</p><p>Researcher ID: F-7045-2017</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57205285134</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Kovalev - senior researcher of the laboratory of bioenergy and supercritical technologies, candidate of technical sciences</p><p>1st Institutsky Proezd, 5, 109428, Moscow</p><p>Researcher ID: F-7045-2017</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57205285134</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovalev_ana@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3603-3686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>D. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалев Дмитрий Александрович - заведующий лабораторией биоэнергетических технологий, кандидат технических наук, инженер</p><p>109428, Москва, 1-й Институтский проезд, 5</p><p>Researcher ID: K-4810-2015</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Kovalev - head of the laboratory of bioenergy and supercritical technologies, candidate of technical Sciences, engineer</p><p>1st Institutsky Proezd, 5, 109428, Moscow</p><p>Researcher ID: K-4810-2015</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалева Екатерина Владимировна - инженер-конструктор</p><p>125993, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Kovalevа - design engineer, master</p><p>Volokolamskoe shosse, 4, 125993, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4689-843X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панченко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panchenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панченко Владимир Анатольевич - кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории Федерального научного агроинжнерного центра ВИМ, инженер</p><p>127994, Москва, ул. Образцова, д. 9</p><p>ResearcherID: P-8127-2017</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57201922860</p><p>Web of Science Researcher ID: AAE-1758-2019</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Panchenko - Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of the Russian University of Transport, Senior Researcher of the Laboratory</p><p>Obrazcova Street, 9b9, 127994, Moscow</p><p>ResearcherID: P-8127-2017</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57201922860</p><p>Web of Science Researcher ID: AAE-1758-2019</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5457-4603</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литти</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litti</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Литти Юрий Владимирович - заведующий лабораторией микробиологии антропогенных мест обитания, кандидат биологических наук, инженер</p><p>119071 Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 33</p><p>Тел.: (495) 954-52-83</p><p>Researcher ID: C-4945-2014</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55251689800</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuriy V. Litti - Head of Laboratory of Microbiology of Anthropogenic Habitats, Candidate of Biological Sciences, engineer</p><p>Leninskiy Pr-t, 33, 2, 119071, Moscow</p><p>Researcher ID: C-4945-2014</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55251689800</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">litty-yuriy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение “Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ”<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский авиационный институт (национальный исследовательский университет)»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский университет транспорта<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian University of Transport (MIIT)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2259">https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2259</self-uri><abstract><p>Анаэробное сбраживание является эффективным способом переработки органических отходов с получением биогаза. При этом одной из стадий анаэробного сбраживания является темновая ферментация, позволяющая получить биоводород. Для увеличения биодоступности и эффективности массообмена между частицами субстрата и гидролитиками и, как следствие, увеличения эффективности темновой ферментации, целесообразно проводить предварительную обработку органического отхода различными методами. Одним из наиболее перспективных и энергоэффективных методов подготовки субстрата к анаэробному сбраживанию, в том числе и к темновой ферментации, является обработка его в аппарате вихревого слоя ферромагнитных частиц (АВС). Однако, не все аспекты применения АВС в системах предобработки субстратов анаэробного сбраживания были рассмотрены в полной мере: для внедрения аппарата вихревого слоя в систему темновой ферментации органических отходов необходимо определить в том числе и энергетические характеристики АВС при различных режимах его работы, а полученные данные должны быть использованы при разработке энергетического баланса системы анаэробной переработки. Таким образом, целью данной работы является экспериментальное определение тепловых эффектов предобработки субстратов темновой ферментации в АВС при различных режимах его работы с использованием методологии поверхности отклика. Для достижения поставленной цели была разработана и создана экспериментальная установка, которая позволила провести эксперимент по построенной в 8 Design-Expert матрице эксперимента, основанной на центральном композиционном дизайне (CCD). Полученные модели и их поверхности отклика имеют коэффициент детерминации более 0,99, что говорит об их адекватности. Коэффициент преобразования электроэнергии в теплоту на катушке АВС в среднем нахо- дится на уровне 0,54±0,11, а коэффициент полезного использования теплоты АВС для нагрева исходного субстрата – 0,42±0,06, что говорит о высоком потенциале использования отбросной теплоты. Таким образом, полученные модели тепловых эффектов предобработки субстратов темновой ферментации в аппарате вихревого слоя можно использовать для определения как непосредственно внесенной в исходный субстрат теплоты в процессе предобработки, так и теплоты, отведенной теплообменником для поддержания рабочего режима АВС. При этом теплоту, отведенную теплообменником возможно использовать как источник низкопотенциальной теплоты.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Anaerobic digestion is an efficient way to process organic waste to produce biogas. At the same time, one of the stages of anaerobic digestion is dark fermentation, which makes it possible to obtain biohydrogen. To increase the bioavailability and efficiency of mass transfer between substrate particles and hydrolytic and, as a result, increase the efficiency of dark fermentation, it is advisable to pretreat organic waste by various methods. One of the most promising and energy efficient methods of preparing the substrate for anaerobic fermentation, including dark fermentation, is its processing in the vortex layer apparatus (VLA). However, not all aspects of VLA application in anaerobic digestion substrate pretreatment systems have been fully considered: in order to introduce the VLA into the organic waste dark fermentation system, it is necessary to determine, among other things, the energy characteristics of VLA under various modes of its operation, and the data obtained must be used in the development of the energy balance of the anaerobic processing system. Thus, the purpose of this work is to experimentally determine the thermal effects of pretreatment of dark fermentation substrates in VLA under various modes of its operation using the response surface methodology. To achieve this goal, an experimental setup was developed and created, which made it possible to conduct an experiment using the experiment matrix built in the Design-Expert software, based on the central composite design (CCD). The resulting models and their response surfaces have a determination coefficient of more than 0.99, which indicates their adequacy. The coefficient of conversion of electricity into heat on the VLA coil is on mean at the level of 0.54±0.11, and the coefficient of useful use of heat VLA for heating the initial substrate is 0.42±0.06, which indicates a high potential for using waste heat. Thus, the obtained models of thermal effects of pretreatment of dark fermentation substrates in the vortex layer apparatus can be used to determine both the heat directly introduced into the feedstock during pretreatment and the heat removed by the heat exchanger to maintain the VLA operating mode. In this case, the heat removed by the heat exchanger can be used as a source of low-grade heat.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биоводород</kwd><kwd>тепловые эффекты</kwd><kwd>темновая ферментация</kwd><kwd>методология поверхности отклика</kwd><kwd>предобработка</kwd><kwd>аппарат вихревого слоя</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biohydrogen</kwd><kwd>thermal effects</kwd><kwd>dark fermentation</kwd><kwd>response surface methodology</kwd><kwd>preprocessing</kwd><kwd>vortex layer apparatus</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. 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