<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">alternative</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Альтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-8298</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15518/isjaee.2024.01.235-244</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">alternative-2379</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>XI. ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ РЕШЕНИЯ, ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, УСТРОЙСТВА И ИХ ВНЕДРЕНИЕ. 26. Инновационные решения в области энергетики и альтернативной энергетики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>XI. INNOVATION SOLUTIONS, TECHNOLOGIES, FACILITIES AND THEIR INNOVATION. 26. Information solutions in the field of energy and alternative energy</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальное исследование систем солнечного трекинга с применением гидроцилиндра с композитным рабочим телом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Еxperimental study of solar trackingsystems using a hydraulic cylinder with a composite working fluid</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вяткин</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vyatkin</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вяткин Павел Алексеевич,</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyatkin Pavel Alekseevich - </p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мола</surname><given-names>А. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mola</surname><given-names>A. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аль-Мохаммедави Ахмед Хуссейн Мола - аспирант,</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Al-Mohammedawi Ahmed Hussein Mola - postgraduate student,</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щеклеин</surname><given-names>А. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcheklein</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щеклеин Сергей Евгеньевич - д-р техн. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой«Атомные станции и возобновляемые источники энергии», действительный член Международной энергетической академии,</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shcheklein Sergey Evgenievich - Dr. Techn. Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Nuclear Power Plants and Renewable Energy Sources; Full member of the International Energy Academy,</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.e.shcheklein@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Немихин</surname><given-names>Ю. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nemikhin</surname><given-names>Yu. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Немихин Юрий Евгеньевич - старший преподаватель, кафедра «Атомные станции и возобновляемые источники энергии»,</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nemikhin Yurii Evgenievich - Senior Lecturer, the «Nuclear Power Plantsand Renewable Energy Sources» department,</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>235</fpage><lpage>244</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2379">https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2379</self-uri><abstract><p>Известно, что наибольший приход энергии Солнца на поверхность имеет место при нормальном падении на неё солнечных лучей. Однако, системы слежения за положением Солнца и ориентации солнечных установок (трекинга) требуют электрических приводов, весьма энергозатратны, дороги и ненадежны в эксплуатации.</p><p>Целью данного исследования является разработка силового модуля на основе диалотометрического эффекта в жидкостях и твёрдых телах для создания пассивного солнечного трекера, а также выбор жидкости и поиск эффективных полимерных добавок для создания композитных рабочих тел в системах трекинга.</p><p>Экспериментально показано, что наибольший эффект изменения объема в диапазоне температур от 20 до 80 0 С имеет чистый этиловый спирт. Другие органические жидкости (масла, антифризы) также могут использоваться в системах пассивного солнечного трекинга. Добавление твердых полимерных добавок к жидкой фазе не приводит к усилению эффекта объемного расширения.</p><p>Показано, что в результате нагрева жидкости в замкнутом объеме гидроцилиндра диаметром 20 мм могут быть перемещены массы весом до 10 кг.</p><p>На основании исследований предложена концепция силового модуля пассивного солнечного трекера.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>It is known that the greatest influx of solar energy to the surface takes place during the normal incidence of the sun’s rays on it. However, systems for tracking the position of the Sun and the orientation of solar installations (tracking) require electric drives, are very energy-consuming, expensive and unreliable in operation.</p><p>The purpose of this research is to develop a power module based on the dialotometric effect in liquids and solids to create a passive solar tracker, as well as to select a liquid and search for effective polymer additives to create composite working fluids in tracking systems.</p><p>It has been experimentally shown that pure ethyl alcohol has the greatest effect of volume change in the temperature range of 20 to 80 °C. Other organic liquids (oils, antifreezes) can also be used in passive solar tracking systems. The addition of solid polymer additives to the liquid phase does not increase the effect of volumetric expansion.</p><p>It is shown that as a result of heating a liquid in a closed volume of a hydraulic cylinder with a diameter of 20 mm, masses weighing up to 10 kg can be moved.</p><p>Based on the research, the concept of the power module of a passive solar tracker is proposed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>изменение объема</kwd><kwd>низкокипящая жидкость</kwd><kwd>композитные добавки</kwd><kwd>солнечный трекер</kwd><kwd>гидроцилиндр</kwd><kwd>полиэтилен</kwd><kwd>этанол</kwd><kwd>карболит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>volume change</kwd><kwd>low-boiling liquid</kwd><kwd>composite additives</kwd><kwd>solar tracker</kwd><kwd>hydraulic cylinder</kwd><kwd>polyethylene</kwd><kwd>ethanol</kwd><kwd>carbolite</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Немихин Ю. Е. и др. Разработка и создание системы слежения за положением солнца // Технические науки в мире: от теории к практике. – 2015. – С. 35-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. Nemikhin Y. E. et al. Razrabotka i sozdanie sistemy sledovanie za polozheniya solntsem. Technical sciences in the world: from theory to practice. – 2015. P. 35-38. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Обухов С. Г., Плотников И. А. Выбор параметров и анализ эффективности применения систем слежения за солнцем // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2018. – Т. 329. – №. 10. – С. 95-106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. Obukhov S. G., Plotnikov I. A. Vybor parametrov i analiz effektivnosti primeneniya sistem sledeniya za solnekom. Engineering of Georesources. 2018. T. 329. №. 10, Р. 95-106. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Hafez A. Z., Yousef A. M., Harag N. M. Solar tracking systems: Technologies and trackers drive types – A review //Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. – 2018. – Т. 91. – С. 754-782.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. Hafez A. Z., Yousef A. M., Harag N. M. Solar tracking systems: Technologies and trackers drive types– A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2018. Т. 91, Р. 754-782.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. M. H. Majeed, N. T. Alwan, S. E. Shcheklein, A. V Matveev. Electromechanical solar tracker system for a parabolic dish with CPU water heater, Mater. Today Proc. (2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. M. H. Majeed, N. T. Alwan, S. E. Shcheklein, A. V Matveev. Electromechanical solar tracker system for a parabolic dish with CPU water heater, Mater. Today Proc. (2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. F. S. Atallah, Y. H. H. Mahmood, S. S. Tawfeeq, Fabrication and study of solar panel tracking system, Tikrit J. Pure Sci. 23 (2018) 123–127. https://doi.org/10.25130/tjps.23.2018.017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. F. S. Atallah, Y. H. H. Mahmood, S. S. Tawfeeq. Fabrication and study of solar panel tracking system, Tikrit J. Pure Sci. 23 (2018) 123–127. https://doi.org/10.25130/tjps.23.2018.017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Juang J. N., Radharamanan R., Beaver J. A Low Cost Solar Tracker Design for Renewable Energy //Journal of Management &amp; Engineering Integration. – 2013. – Т. 6. – №. 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. Juang J. N., Radharamanan R., Beaver J. A Low Cost Solar Tracker Design for Renewable Energy. Journal of Management &amp; Engineering Integration. 2013. Т. 6. №. 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. N. T. Alwan, S. E. Shcheklein, O. M. Ali. Materials Today : Proceedings Experimental analysis of thermal performance for flat plate solar water collector in the climate conditions of Yekaterinburg, Russia, Mater. Today Proc. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.263.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. N. T. Alwan, S. E. Shcheklein, O. M. Ali. Materials Today : Proceedings Experimental analysis of thermal performance for flat plate solar water collector in the climate conditions of Yekaterinburg, Russia, Mater. Today Proc. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.263.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">N. T. Alwan, S. E. Shcheklein, O. M. Ali. Experimental analysis of thermal performance for flat plate solar water collector in the climate conditions of Yekaterinburg, Russia, Mater. Today Proc. 42 (2021) 2076–2083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.263.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. N. T. Alwan, S. E. Shcheklein, O. M. Ali. Experimental analysis of thermal performance for flat plate solar water collector in the climate conditions of Yekaterinburg, Russia, Mater. Today Proc. 42 (2021) 2076–2083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.263.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">N. T. Alwan, M. H. Majeed, I. M. Khudhur, S. E. Shcheklein, O. M. Ali, S. J. Yaqoob, R. Alayi. Assessment of the performance of solar water heater : an experimental and theoretical investigation, (2022) 528–539.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. N. T. Alwan, M. H. Majeed, I. M. Khudhur, S. E. Shcheklein, O. M. Ali, S. J. Yaqoob, R. Alayi. Assessment of the performance of solar water heater : an experimental and theoretical investigation, (2022) 528–539.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. N. T. Alwan, H. M. Milia, S. E. Shcheklein, A. V. Matveev. Dual axis solar tracking system for a parabolic dish CPU water heater, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2119 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2119/1/012098.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. N. T. Alwan, H. M. Milia, S. E. Shcheklein, A. V. Matveev. Dual axis solar tracking system for a parabolic dish CPU water heater, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2119 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2119/1/012098.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. A. Ponniran, A. Hashim, A. Joret. A Design of Low Power Single Axis Solar Tracking System Regardless of Motor Speed, Int. J. Integr. Eng. 3 (2011) 5–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. A. Ponniran, A. Hashim, A. Joret. A Design of Low Power Single Axis Solar Tracking System Regardless of Motor Speed, Int. J. Integr. Eng. 3 (2011) 5–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. S. Venkatesh Kumar, C. Kathirvel, P. Deepa, R. Mohan Kumar. Design and Implementation of IoT based Dual Axis Solar Tracking System, Proc. - 2023 3rd Int. Conf. Smart Data Intell. ICSMDI 2023. 5 (2023) 542–545. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMDI57622.2023.00102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. S. Venkatesh Kumar, C. Kathirvel, P. Deepa, R. Mohan Kumar. Design and Implementation of IoT based Dual Axis Solar Tracking System, Proc. – 2023 3-rd Int. Conf. Smart Data Intell. ICSMDI 2023. 5 (2023), Р. 542–545. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMDI57622.2023.00102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. N. T. Alwan, A. S. Ahmed, M. H. Majeed, S. E. Shcheklein, S. J. Yaqoob, A. Nayyar, Y. Nam, M. Abouhawwash. Enhancement of the Evaporation and Condensation Processes of a Solar Still with an Ultrasound Cotton Tent and a Thermoelectric Cooling Chamber, Electron. 11 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. N. T. Alwan, A. S. Ahmed, M. H. Majeed, S. E. Shcheklein, S. J. Yaqoob, A. Nayyar, Y. Nam, M. Abouhawwash, Enhancement of the Evaporation and Condensation Processes of a Solar Still with an Ultrasound Cotton Tent and a Thermoelectric Cooling Chamber, Electron. 11 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. N. T. Alwan, S. E. Shcheklein, O. M. Ali. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Experimental investigation of modified solar still integrated with solar collector, Case Stud. Therm. Eng. 19 (2020) 100614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2020.100614.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">N. T. Alwan, S. E. Shcheklein, O. M. Ali. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Experimental investigation of modified solar still integrated with solar collector, Case Stud. Therm. Eng. 19 (2020) 100614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2020.100614.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. N. T. Alwan, S. E. Shcheklein, O. M. Ali. Experimental investigations of single-slope solar still integrated with a hollow rotating cylinder, in: IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., Institute of Physics Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/745/1/012063.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">N. T. Alwan, S. E. Shcheklein, O. M. Ali. Experimental investigations of single-slope solar still integrated with a hollow rotating cylinder, in: IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., Institute of Physics Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/745/1/012063.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Shcheklein S. E., Nemikhin Y. E., Nemkov D. A. Revisiting optimization of 2D tracker application in solar energy //2018 17th International Ural Conference on AC Electric Drives (ACED). – IEEE, 2018. – С. 1-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. Shcheklein S. E., Nemikhin Y. E., Nemkov D. A. Revisiting optimization of 2D tracker application in solar energy. 2018. 17th International Ural Conference on AC Electric Drives (ACED). IEEE, 2018. С.1-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Madala S., Boehm R. F. A review of nonimaging solar concentrators for stationary and passive tracking applications //Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. – 2017. – Т. 71. – С. 309-322.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. Madala S., Boehm R. F. A review of nonimaging solar concentrators for stationary and passive tracking applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2017. Т. 71. С. 309-322.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. León N., García H., Ramírez C. Semi-passive solar tracking concentrator // Energy Procedia. – 2014. – Т. 57. – С. 275-284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. León N., García H., Ramírez C. Semi-passive solar tracking concentrator. Energy Procedia. 2014. Т. 57. Р. 275-284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Pe´rez Sa´nchez M. M., Balam Tamayo D., Cruz Estrada R. H. Design and Construction of a Dual Axis Passive Solar Tracker, for Use on Yucata´n // Energy Sustainability. – 2011. – Т. 54686. – С. 1341-1346.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. Pe´rez Sa´nchez M. M., Balam Tamayo D., Cruz Estrada R. H. Design and Construction of a Dual Axis Passive Solar Tracker, for Use on Yucata´n. Energy Sustainability. 2011. Т. 54686. Р. 1341-1346.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Natarajan M., Srinivas T. Experimental and simulation studies on a novel gravity based passive tracking system for a linear solar concentrating collector // Renewable Energy. – 2017. – Т. 105. – С. 312-323.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. Natarajan M., Srinivas T. Experimental and simulation studies on a novel gravity based passive tracking system for a linear solar concentrating collector. Renewable Energy. 2017. Т. 105. Р. 312-323.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Couture P. et al. Improving passive solar collector for fiber optic lighting // 2011 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference. – IEEE, 2011. – С. 68-73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. Couture P. et al. Improving passive solar collector for fiber optic lighting. 2011 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference. IEEE, 2011. Р. 68-73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Angulo M. et al. Design and Control of a Pas sive Solar Tracking System Using a Sky Imager // Latin American Symposium on Industrial and Robotic Systems. – Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. – С. 170-178.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. Angulo M. et al. Design and Control of a Passive Solar Tracking System Using a Sky Imager. Latin American Symposium on Industrial and Robotic Systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. Р. 170-178.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Holambe P. R., Talange D. B., Bhole V. B. Motorless solar tracking system //2015 International Conference on Energy Systems and Applications. – IEEE, 2015. – С. 358-363.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. Holambe P. R., Talange D. B., Bhole V. B. Motorless solar tracking system. 2015 International Conference on Energy Systems and Applications. IEEE, 2015. Р. 358-363.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Sharma M., Jilte R. A review on passive methods for thermal performance enhancement in parabolic trough solar collectors //International Journal of Energy Research. – 2021. – Т. 45. – №. 4. – С. 4932-4966.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. Sharma M., Jilte R. A review on passive methods for thermal performance enhancement in parabolic trough solar collectors // International Journal of Energy Research. 2021. Т. 45. №. 4. Р. 4932-4966.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Вяткин П. А. и др. Экспериментальное исследование влияния низкокипящих присадок на объем в газовом цилиндре двигателя Стирлинга // Альтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE). – 2023. – №. 4. – С. 125-130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. Viatkin P.A., Salih S.A., Mola A.H., Dubinin A.M., Shcheklein S.E., Nemikhin Y.E. Experimental study of the effect of low-boiling additives on the volume in the gas cylinder of the Stirling engine. International scientific journal for alternative energy and ecology. 2023. № 4 (409). Р. 125-130. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Варгафтик Н.Б. Справочник по теплофизическим свойствам газов и жидкостей. М.: Наука, 1972, 720 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. Vargaftik N.B. Handbook on Thermophysical Properties of Gases and Liquids. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1972, 720 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Юмагулова Ю. А. Повышение давления жидкости в замкнутом объеме за счет термического расширения при нагревании через стенки //Труды Института механики им. Р. Р. Мавлютова Уфимского научного центра РАН. – 2012. – Т. 9. – №. 1. – С. 188-189.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. Yumagulova Y. A. Increase in fluid pressure in a closed volume due to thermal expansion during heating through walls. Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanics named after R. R. Mavlyutov of the Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. – 2012. T. 9. №. 1. P. 188-189. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Нигматулин Р. И. Динамика многофазных сред. М.: Наука, 1987. Ч. 1. 464 с. Ч. 2. 360 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. Nigmatulin R. I. Dynamics of multiphase media. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1987. Part 1. 464 p. (In Russian). Part 2. 360 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Стариков Е. В., Велькин В. И., Щеклеин С.Е. Патент РФ на полезную модель «Гелиотроп» № 47496 от 05.04.2005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. Starikov E.V., Velkin V.I., Shcheklein S.E. Patent of the Russian Federation for the utility model «Heliotrope» № 47496 dated 05.04.2005 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
