<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">alternative</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Альтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-8298</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15518/isjaee.2024.04.068-085</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">alternative-2413</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>II. НЕВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМАЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИКА. 9. Атомная энергетика. 9-1-0-0 Атомно-водородная энергетика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>II. NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY. 9. Atomic energy. 9-1-0-0 Atomic-hydrogen energy</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ эффективности утилизации низкопотенциального тепла водородного комплекса на энергоблоке АЭС</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of the efficiency of utilizing low-potential heat from the hydrogen complex in the NPP’s power unit</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колбанцев</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolbantsev</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Андреевич Колбанцев, ассистент, аспирант</p><p>Высшая школа атомной и тепловой энергетики</p><p>195251; Политехническая, 29; Санкт-Петербург</p><p>Образование: Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого, 2020 г.</p><p>Область научных интересов: водородная энергетика, АЭС, совместная генерация водорода и электроэнергии, интеграция водородных технологий на АЭС, энергосбережение</p><p>Публикации: 8</p><p>тел.: +7 (931) 987 87 30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury A. Kolbantsev, assistant, postgraduate student</p><p>Higher School of Nuclear and Heat Power Engineering</p><p>195251; Politekhnicheskaya, 29; St. Petersburg</p><p>Education: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 2020.</p><p>Scientific interests area: hydrogen energy, NPP, hydrogen and electric energycogeneration, integration of hydrogen technologies at NPP, energy saving.</p><p>Publications: 8</p><p>tel.: +7 (931) 987 87 30</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kolbantsev_yua@spbstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колбанцева</surname><given-names>Д. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolbantseva</surname><given-names>D. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дарья Львовна Колбанцева, ассистент</p><p>Высшая школа атомной и тепловой энергетики</p><p>195251; Политехническая, 29; Санкт-Петербург</p><p>Образование: Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого, 2020 г.</p><p>Область научных интересов: ТКО, ТЭС, водородная энергетика, режимы работы ТЭС, математическое моделирование ТЭС, оптимизация режимов работы ТЭС</p><p>Публикации: 15</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria L. Kolbantseva, assistant, postgraduate student</p><p>Higher School of Nuclear and Heat Power Engineering</p><p>195251; Politekhnicheskaya, 29; St. Petersburg</p><p>Education: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 2020.</p><p>Scientific interests area: MSW, TPP, hydrogen energy, operating mode of TPP, mathematical modeling of TPP, optimization of operating mode of TPP.</p><p>Publications: 15</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аникина</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anikina</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Дмитриевна Аникина, кандидат технических наук, доцент </p><p>Высшая школа атомной и тепловой энергетики</p><p>195251; Политехническая, 29; Санкт-Петербург</p><p>Образование: Санкт-Петербургский государственный политехнический университет, 2012 г.</p><p>Награды и научные премии: Победитель конкурса грантов Президента Российской Федерации для государственной поддержки молодых российский ученых – кандидатов наук, 2021-2022 гг.</p><p>Область научных интересов: тепловые насосы, ТЭС, водородная энергетика, режимы работы ТЭС, математическое моделирование ТЭС, оптимизация режимов работы ТЭС.</p><p>Публикации: 62</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina D. Anikina, assistant professor, Ph. D.</p><p>Higher School of Nuclear and Heat Power Engineering</p><p>195251; Politekhnicheskaya, 29; St. Petersburg</p><p>Education: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 2012</p><p>Scientific award: Winner of the competition for grants of the President of the Russian Federation for state support of young Russian scientists – candidates of science, 2021-2022.</p><p>Professional experience: Assistant 2013-2017, from 2017 to the present, associate professor of the Higher School of Nuclear and Heat Power Engineering</p><p>Scientific interests area: heat pump, TPP, hydrogen energy, operating mode of TPP, mathematical modeling of TPP, optimization of operating mode of TPP.</p><p>Publications: 62</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куколев</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kukolev</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Игоревич Куколев, доктор технических наук, профессор, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Высшая школа гидротехнического и энергетического строительства; Высшая школа атомной и тепловой энергетики</p><p>195251; Политехническая, 29; Санкт-Петербург</p><p>Образование: Московский авиационный институт (национальный исследовательский университет)</p><p>Область научных интересов: процессы тепло- и массопереноса в энергетических установках, поршневые машины с внешним подводом теплоты, тепловые накопители энергии.</p><p>Публикации: около 100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim I. Kukolev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor, D.Sc. in Engineering</p><p>Higher School of Hydraulic Engineering and Energy Construction; Higher School of Nuclear and Heat Power Engineering</p><p>195251; Politekhnicheskaya, 29; St. Petersburg</p><p>Education: Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)</p><p>Scientific interests area: heat and mass transfer in powerplant, piston machines with external heat supply, thermal storage systemsPublications: some 100</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic Universit</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2413">https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2413</self-uri><abstract><p>   Данная работа посвящена анализу эффективности утилизации низкопотенциального тепла водородного комплекса на энергоблоке АЭС. Разработана новая схема интеграции водородных технологий в действующий энергетический объект с оценкой экономической эффективности мероприятия. Показано, что за счет утилизации низкопотенциального тепла, полученного при производстве водорода методом электролиза, возможно увеличение располагаемой мощности АЭС, что обеспечит увеличение выработки водорода при снижении стоимости. Был выбран и обоснован объект интеграции – Кольская АЭС. В качестве методов исследования выбраны имитационное моделирование тепловой схемы энергоблока атомной станции с турбоагрегатом К-220-44 в САПР «United Cycle», моделирование процесса электролиза водорода в программе Aspen HYSYS, с определением потенциала сбросной теплоты в водородгенерирующей установке, а также математическое моделирование с применением методики вероятностной оценки для определения основных параметров экономической эффективности внедрения мероприятия. В работе рассчитан теоретический возможный объем генерации водорода на Кольской АЭС, который составил 6,46∙108 м3/год. Показан прирост мощности на 6,24 МВт на клеммах электрогенераторов за счет утилизации тепловой энергии низкого потенциала электролизных установок для двух энергоблоков станции. Осуществлена оценка экономической эффективности внедрения теплоутилизационной установки в производственный цикл АЭС. Получен прирост теоретического возможного объема генерации водорода на 3∙104 м3/сут, что дает ожидаемый годовой экономический эффект от внедрения технологии 1,95∙104 $/год.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The work is dedicated to the analysis of the efficiency of utilization of low-potential heat of the hydrogen complex at the NPP power unit. A new scheme for the integration of hydrogen technologies into an existing energy facility has been developed with an assessment of the economic efficiency of the event. It is shown that due to the utilization of low-potential heat obtained during the production of hydrogen by electrolysis, it is possible to increase the available capacity of nuclear power plants, which will ensure an increase in hydrogen production while reducing the cost. The object of integration, the Kola NPP, was selected and justified. Simulation modeling of the thermal circuit of a nuclear power plant power unit with a K-220-44 turbine unit in the United Cycle CAD, modeling of the hydrogen electrolysis process in the Aspen HYSYS program, with determination of the potential of waste heat in a hydrogen generating plant, as well as mathematical modeling using probabilistic estimation techniques to determine the main parameters of the economic efficiency of implementation, were chosen as research methods events. The paper calculates the theoretical possible volume of hydrogen generation at the Kola NPP, which amounted to 6,46∙108 m3/year. An increase in power by 6,24 MW at the terminals of electric generators is shown due to the utilization of thermal energy of low potential electrolysis plants for two power units of the station. An assessment of the economic efficiency of the introduction of a heat recovery unit into the production cycle of a nuclear power plant has been carried out. An increase in the theoretical possible volume of hydrogen generation by 3∙104 m3/day was obtained, which gives the expected annual economic effect from the introduction of the technology of 195∙104 $/year.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>водород</kwd><kwd>атомная электрическая станция</kwd><kwd>утилизация низкопотенциального тепла</kwd><kwd>методика оценки себестоимости</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hydrogen</kwd><kwd>nuclear power plant</kwd><kwd>low-potential heat utilization</kwd><kwd>cost estimation methodology</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование профинансировано Министерством науки и высшего образования РФ в рамках Программы стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет-2030» (соглашение № 075-15-2024-201 от 6 февраля 2024 г.)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of the Strategic Academic Leadership Program "Priority 2030" (Agreement No. 075-15-2024-201 dated February 6, 2024)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Декларация Конференции ООН по окружающей среде и развитию в Рио-де Жанейро [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/riodecl.shtml (дата обращения: 12. 09. 2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Declaration of the UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/riodecl.shtml (access date: 09/12/2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рамочная конвенция Организации Объединенных Наций об изменении климата [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/climate_framework_conv.shtml (дата обращения: 12. 09. 2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/climate_framework_conv.shtml (access date: 09/12/2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Clean Hydrogen Alliance [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/strategy/industrial-alliances/european-clean-hydrogen-alliance_en (дата обращения 11. 09. 2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Clean Hydrogen Alliance [Electronic resource] URL: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/strategy/industrial-alliances/european-clean-hydrogen-alliance_en (accessed 09/11/2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федеральный Закон «Об ограничении выбросов парниковых газов».</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federal Law «On Limitation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions».</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стратегия социально-экономического развития Российской Федерации с низким уровнем выбросов парниковых газов до 2050 года. ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВО РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ. РАСПОРЯЖЕНИЕ от 29 октября 2021 г. № 3052-р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation with low greenhouse gas emissions until 2050. GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. ORDER dated October 29, 2021 No. 3052-r.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Концепция развития водородной энергетики в Российской Федерации. ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВО РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ. РАСПОРЯЖЕНИЕ от 5 августа 2021 г. № 2162-р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Concept for the development of hydrogen energy in the Russian Federation. GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. ORDER dated August 5, 2021 No. 2162-r.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Leeuwen C., Mulder M. Power-to-gas in electricity markets dominated by renewables // Appl. Energy. – 2018. – № 232. – Р. 258-272.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Leeuwen C., Mulder M. Power-to-gas in electricity markets dominated by renewables // Appl. Energy. – 2018. – No. 232. – R. 258-272.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moore, Jared. (2017). Thermal Hydrogen: An emissions free hydrocarbon economy. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 42. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.03.182.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moore, Jared. (2017). Thermal Hydrogen: An emissions free hydrocarbon economy. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 42. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.03.182.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El-Emam, Rami &amp; Ozcan, Hasan. (2019). Comprehensive Review on the Techno-Economics of Sustainable Large-Scale Clean Hydrogen Production. Journal of Cleaner Production. 220. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.309.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El-Emam, Rami &amp; Ozcan, Hasan. (2019). Comprehensive Review on the Techno-Economics of Sustainable Large-Scale Clean Hydrogen Production. Journal of Cleaner Production. 220. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.309.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmidt, O. &amp; Gambhir, A. &amp; Staffell, Iain &amp; Hawkes, Adam &amp; Nelson, J. &amp; Few, Sheridan. (2017). Future cost and performance of water electrolysis: An expert elicitation study. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 42. 30470-30492. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.10.045.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmidt, O. &amp; Gambhir, A.&amp; Staffell, Iain &amp; Hawkes, Adam &amp; Nelson, J. &amp; Few, Sheridan. (2017). Future cost and performance of water electrolysis: An expert identification study. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 42.30470-30492. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.10.045.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glenk, Gunther &amp; Reichelstein, Stefan. (2019). Economics of converting renewable power to hydrogen. Nature Energy. doi: 10.1038/s41560-019-0326-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glenk, Gunther &amp; Reichelstein, Stefan. (2019). Economics of converting renewable power to hydrogen. Nature Energy. doi: 10.1038/s41560-019-0326-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ilyin, Evgeny &amp; Levenok, Diana &amp; Lymarev, Dmitry. (2023). Producing hydrogen by electrolysis to ensure passage of the minimum electrical load. 1-6. doi: 10.1109/REEPE57272.2023.10086724.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilyin, Evgeny &amp; Levenok, Diana &amp; Lymarev, Dmitry. (2023). Producing hydrogen by electrolysis to ensure passage of the minimum electrical load. 1-6. doi: 10.1109/REEPE57272.2023.10086724.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kavvadias K. C., Khamis I. Sensitivity analysis and probabilistic assessment of seawater desalination costs fueled by nuclear and fossil fuel // Energy Policy. – 2014. – V. 74. – Р. 24-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kavvadias K. C., Khamis I. Sensitivity analysis and probabilistic assessment of seawater desalination costs fueled by nuclear and fossil fuel // Energy Policy. – 2014. – V. 74. – R. 24-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aminov, R. Z. Assessment of technical and economic efficiency of a closed hydrogen cycle at NPP / R. Z. Aminov, A. N. Egorov // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2020. – Vol. 45, No. 32. – P. 15744-15751. – DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.04.068. – EDN: EMZUNH.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aminov, R. Z. Assessment of technical and economic efficiency of a closed hydrogen cycle at NPP / R. Z. Aminov, A. N. Egorov // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2020. – Vol. 45, No. 32. – P. 15744-15751. – DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.04.068. – EDN: EMZUNH.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Filimonova, A. A.; Chichirov, A. A.; Chichirova, N. D.; Filimonov, A. G.; Pechenkin, A. V. Prospects for the development of hydrogen power engineering in Tatarstan.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filimonova, A. A.; Chichirov, A. A.; Chichirova, N. D.; Filimonov, A. G.; Pechenkin, A. V. Prospects for the development of hydrogen power engineering in Tatarstan.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Analysis of Technologies for Hydrogen Consumption, Transition and Storage at Operating Thermal Power Plants / D. Kolbantseva, D. Treschev, M. Trescheva [et al.] // Energies. – 2022. – Vol. 15, No. 10. – DOI: 10.3390/en15103671. – EDN: DDRHPN.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Analysis of Technologies for Hydrogen Consumption, Transition and Storage at Operating Thermal Power Plants / D. Kolbantseva, D. Treschev, M. Trescheva [et al.] // Energies. – 2022. – Vol. 15, No. 10. – DOI: 10.3390/en15103671. – EDN: DDRHPN.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Use of Heat Pumps in the Hydrogen Production Cycle at Thermal Power Plants / K. Kalmykov, I. D. Anikina, D. Kolbantseva [et al.] // Sustainability. – 2022. – Vol. 14. No. 13. – DOI: 10.3390/su14137710. – EDN: UUHQIY.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Use of Heat Pumps in the Hydrogen Production Cycle at Thermal Power Plants / K. Kalmykov, I. D. Anikina, D. Kolbantseva [et al.] // Sustainability. – 2022. – Vol. 14. No. 13. – DOI: 10.3390/su14137710. – EDN: UUHQIY.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колбанцев, Ю. А. Применение методики вероятностной оценки для стоимостного расчета вовлечения АЭС в процесс промышленного производства водорода / Ю. А. Колбанцев, М. В. Конюшин, А. А. Калютик // Известия высших учебных заведений. Проблемы энергетики. – 2021. – Т. 23. № 2. – С. 14-26. – DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-2-14-26. – EDN: JXCNLN.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolbantsev, Yu. A. Application of the probabilistic assessment methodology for cost calculation of the involvement of nuclear power plants in the process of industrial hydrogen production / Yu. A. Kolbantsev, M. V. Konyushin, A. A. Kalyutik // News of higher educational institutions. Energy problems. – 2021. – Vol. 23. No. 2. – P. 14-26. – DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-2-14-26. – EDN: JXCNLN.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аминов Р. З., Портянкин А. В. Анализ компоновочных решений электролизного цеха водородной надстройки с учетом надежности и взрывопожароопасности // Известия высших учебных заведений. Проблемы энергетики. – 2018. – Т. 20. – № 5-6. – С. 29-36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aminov R.Z., Portyankin A.V. Analysis of layout solutions for the electrolysis shop of the hydrogen superstructure, taking into account reliability and fire and explosion hazards // News of higher educational institutions. Energy problems. – 2018. – Vol. 20. – No. 5-6. – pp. 29-36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петрушенко Ю. Я., Брусов В. А., Агафонов Ю. М. и др. К вопросу получения атомарного водорода и возможности его применения в энергетике // Известия высших учебных заведений. Проблемы энергетики. – 2011. – № 11-12. – С. 170-177.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrushenko Yu. Ya., Brusov V. A., Agafonov Yu. M. et al. On the issue of obtaining atomic hydrogen and the possibility of its application in the energy sector // News of higher educational institutions. Energy problems. – 2011. – No. 11-12. – pp. 170-177.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aminov, R. Z. Estimating the system efficiency of the multifunctional hydrogen complex at nuclear power plants / R. Z. Aminov, A. N. Bairamov, M. V. Garievskii // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2020. – Vol. 45, No. 29. – P. 14614-14624. – DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.03.187. – EDN: WPGYZN.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aminov, R. Z. Estimating the system efficiency of the multifunctional hydrogen complex at nuclear power plants / R. Z. Aminov, A. N. Bairamov, M. V. Garievskii // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2020. – Vol. 45, No. 29. – P. 14614-14624. – DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.03.187. – EDN: WPGYZN.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аминов, Р. З. Современное состояние и перспективы производства водорода на АЭС / Р. З. Аминов, А. Н. Байрамов // Теплоэнергетика. – 2021. – № 9. – С. 3-13. – DOI: 10.1134/S0040363621080014. – EDN: SXHRIX.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aminov, R. Z. Current state and prospects for hydrogen production at nuclear power plants / R. Z. Aminov, A. N. Bayramov // Thermal power engineering. – 2021. – No. 9. – P. 3-13. – DOI: 10.1134/S0040363621080014. – EDN: SXHRIX.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аминов, Р. З. Оценка эффективности комбинирования АЭС с водородным комплексом в условиях безопасного использования водорода в паротурбинном цикле / Р. З. Аминов, А. Н. Байрамов // Известия высших учебных заведений. Проблемы энергетики. – 2021. – Т. 23, № 2. – С. 56-69. – DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-2-56-69. – EDN: NRAATC.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aminov, R. Z. Assessing the effectiveness of combining nuclear power plants with a hydrogen complex under conditions of safe use of hydrogen in the steam turbine cycle / R. Z. Aminov, A. N. Bayramov // News of higher educational institutions. Energy problems. – 2021. – Vol. 23, No. 2. – P. 56-69. – DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-2-56-69. – EDN: NRAATC.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щеклеин, С. Е. Повышение энергоэффективности АЭС / С. Е. Щеклеин, О. Л. Ташлыков, А. М. Дубинин // Известия высших учебных заведений. Ядерная энергетика. – 2015. – № 4. – С. 15-25. – DOI: 10.26583/npe.2015.4.02. – EDN: VSSAEN.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shcheklein, S. E. Increasing the energy efficiency of nuclear power plants / S. E. Shcheklein, O. L. Tashlykov, A. M. Dubinin // News of higher educational institutions. Nuclear energy. – 2015. – No. 4. – P. 15-25. – DOI: 10.26583/npe.2015.4.02. – EDN: VSSAEN.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гафуров Айрат Маратович. Способ преобразования сбросной низкопотенциальной теплоты ТЭС // Вестник КГЭУ. – 2015. – № 4 (28). [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sposob-preobrazovaniya-sbrosnoy-nizkopotentsialnoy-teploty-tes (дата обращения: 12. 10. 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gafurov Airat Maratovich. Method for converting waste low-potential heat from thermal power plants // Vestnik KSPEU. – 2015. – No. 4 (28). [Electronic resource] URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sposob-preobrazovaniya-sbrosnoy-nizkopotentsialnoy-teploty-tes (access date: 10/12/2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Obara, Shin’ya &amp; Tanaka, Ryu. (2021). Waste heat recovery system for nuclear power plants using the gas hydrate heat cycle. Applied Energy. 292. 116667. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116667.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Obara, Shin’ya &amp; Tanaka, Ryu. (2021). Waste heat recovery system for nuclear power plants using the gas hydrate heat cycle. Applied Energy. 292. 116667. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116667.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ташлыков, О. Л. Утилизация низкопотенциальной теплоты АЭС с реактором на быстрых нейтронах с использованием теплового насоса / О. Л. Ташлыков, И. В. Ковин, В. В. Кокорин // Международный научный журнал Альтернативная энергетика и экология. – 2012. – № 3(107). – С. 22-25. – EDN: OXTYBN.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tashlykov, O. L.Utilization of low-grade heat from a nuclear power plant with a fast neutron reactor using a heat pump / O. L. Tashlykov, I. V. Kovin, V. V. Kokorin // International scientific journal Alternative Energy and Ecology. – 2012. – No. 3(107). – pp. 22-25. – EDN: OXTYBN.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang, Xin &amp; Zhao, Gang &amp; Qu, Xinhe &amp; Yang, Xiaoyong &amp; Wang, Jie &amp; Wang, Peng. (2023). Influence of Cooling Water Parameters on the Thermal Performance of the Secondary Circuit System of a Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Nuclear Power Plant. Energies. 16. 6560. doi: 10.3390/en16186560.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang, Xin &amp; Zhao, Gang &amp; Qu, Xinhe &amp; Yang, Xiaoyong &amp; Wang, Jie &amp; Wang, Peng. (2023). Influence of Cooling Water Parameters on the Thermal Performance of the Secondary Circuit System of a Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Nuclear Power Plant. Energies. 16.6560. doi: 10.3390/en16186560.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сигал Е. М. Проектный КИУМ как показатель эффективности использования установленной мощности АЭС.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sigal E. M. Design capacity factor as an indicator of the efficiency of using the installed capacity of a nuclear power plant.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Замалеев, М. М. Исследование эффективности применения водородных технологий для регулирования неравномерности электрического графика / М. М. Замалеев, И. З. Назыров, И. В. Губин // Теплоэнергетика и теплоснабжение : Сборник научных трудов научно-исследовательской лаборатории «Теплоэнергетические системы и установки». УлГТУ. Том, Выпуск 10. – Ульяновск: Ульяновский государственный технический университет, 2014. – С. 108-128. – EDN: WAJNZF.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zamaleev, M. M. Study of the effectiveness of using hydrogen technologies to regulate the unevenness of the electrical schedule / M. M. Zamaleev, I. Z. Nazyrov, I. V. Gubin // Heat power engineering and heat supply: Collection of scientific papers of the research laboratory “Thermal Power Systems” and installations.” UlSTU. Volume, Issue 10. – Ulyanovsk: Ulyanovsk State Technical University, 2014. – P. 108-128. – EDN: WAJNZF.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Теоретическая основа и практический анализ технологий для водородной стратегии Российской Федерации / Н. П. Кодряну, А. А. Ишмурзин, Д. И. Дауди [и др.] // Газовая промышленность. – 2022. – № 1(827). – С. 56-70. – EDN: YFHVUD.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Theoretical basis and practical analysis of technologies for the hydrogen strategy of the Russian Federation / N. P. Codreanu, A. A. Ishmurzin, D. I. Daudi [etc.] // Gas industry. – 2022. – No. 1(827). – P. 56-70. – EDN: YFHVUD.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dominic Burrin, Sumit Roy, Anthony Paul Roskilly, Andrew Smallbone. A combined heat and green hydrogen (CHH) generator integrated with a heat network, Energy Conversion and Management, Volume 246, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114686.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dominic Burrin, Sumit Roy, Anthony Paul Roskilly, Andrew Smallbone. A combined heat and green hydrogen (CHH) generator integrated with a heat network, Energy Conversion and Management, Volume 246, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114686.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tiktak J. Heat Management of PEM Electrolysis: A study on the potential of excess heat from medium-to large-scale PEM electrolysis and the performance analysis of a dedicated cooling system. the Delft University of Technology. – 2019. – 80 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tiktak J. Heat Management of PEM Electrolysis: A study on the potential of excess heat from medium-to large-scale PEM electrolysis and the performance analysis of a dedicated cooling system. the Delft University of Technology. – 2019. – 80 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hydrogen Nel: Containerized PEM electrolyzer [Электронный ресурс]: сайт. – URL: https://nelhydrogen.com/product/m-series-containerized, свободный (дата обращения 12. 05. 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hydrogen Nel: Containerized PEM electrolyzer [Electronic resource] : website. – URL: https://nelhydrogen.com/product/m-series-containerized, free (access date 05/12/2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецова, Е. С. Оптовый рынок электроэнергии (мощности) региона: проблемы, риски и перспективы развития / Е. С. Кузнецова, А. Р. Гафуров // Вестник МГТУ. Труды Мурманского государственного технического университета. – 2011. – Т. 14, № 1. – С. 52-55. – EDN: RBQRHV.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznetsova, E. S. Wholesale electricity (power) market in the region: problems, risks and development prospects / E. S. Kuznetsova, A. R. Gafurov // Bulletin of MSTU. Proceedings of the Murmansk State Technical University. – 2011. – Vol. 14, No. 1. – P. 52-55. – EDN: RBQRHV.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Производственные показатели // [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.rosenergoatom.ru/stations_projects/sayt-kolskoy-aes/proizvodstvo/ (дата обращения: 10. 04. 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Production indicators // [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.rosenergoatom.ru/stations_projects/sayt-kolskoy-aes/proizvodstvo/ (access date: 04/10/2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romanov, S. N. Software «United Cycle» for Simulation of Static Operation Modes of Power Plants. In Proceedings of the International Society for Optical Engineering, St. Petersburg, Russia, 12-17 June 2001; pp. 306-309. doi: 10.1117/12.456288.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romanov, S. N. Software «United Cycle» for Simulation of Static Operation Modes of Power Plants. In Proceedings of the International Society for Optical Engineering, St. Petersburg, Russia, 12-17 June 2001; pp. 306-309. doi: 10.1117/12.456288.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">S. Romanov, A. Kutakhov, N. Zhuk, O. Demidov, K. Romanov. «United Cycle» Software for Simulation of Flow Sheets of Power Plants. ECOS-2003, Kopengagen PP. 1691-1696 (2003).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">S. Romanov, A. Kutakhov, N. Zhuk, O. Demidov, K. Romanov. «United Cycle» Software for Simulation of Flow Sheets of Power Plants. ECOS-2003, Kopengagen PP. 1691-1696 (2003).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">K. Kavvadias, I. Khamis, 2010. The IAEA DEEP desalination economic model : a critical review. Desalination 257(1-3),150-157.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">K. Kavvadias, I. Khamis, 2010. The IAEA DEEP desalination economic model : a critical review. Desalination 257(1-3),150-157.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Y. Du, J. E. Parsons. Update on the Cost of Nuclear Power. Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research. MIT. – 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Y. Du, J. E. Parsons. Update on the Cost of Nuclear Power. Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research. MIT. – 2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">РД ЭО 1.1.2.12.0085-2014. Периодичность и нормативная продолжительность ремонта энергоблоков атомных станций.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">RD EA 1.1.2.12.0085-2014. Frequency and standard duration of repair of nuclear power units.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
