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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">alternative</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Альтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-8298</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15518/isjaee.2024.07.183-208</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">alternative-2453</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>X. ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ, ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ЭНЕРГОПЕРЕХОДА, АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНОЙ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ, ЭНЕРГОСБЕРЕЖЕНИЯ И СОХРАНЕНИЯ ЭКОЛОГИИ. 24. Экономические аспекты энергетического перехода</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>X. ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF CLIMATE TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY TRANSITION TECHNOLOGIES, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY, ENERGY SAVING AND ECOLOGICAL PRESERVATION. 24. Economic aspects of the energy transition</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методологические подходы к оценке углеродного следа и сертификации низкоуглеродного водорода</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methodological approaches to assessment carbon footprint and certification low carbon hydrogen</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1452-6130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ишков</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ishkov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ишков Александр Гаврилович, профессор кафедры ЮНЕСКО «Зеленая химия для устойчивого развития» Российского химико-технологического университета им. Д. И. Менделеева</p><p>197229, г. Санкт-Петербург, вн. тер. г. муниципальный округ Лахта-Ольгино, пр-кт Лахтинский, д. 2, к. 3, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ishkov Alexander Gavrilovich, Professor of the UNESCO Department of Green Chemistry for Sustainable Development of the Russian University of Chemical Technology n. a. D. I. Mendeleev, Doctor of Chemistry</p><p>197229, St. Petersburg, ext. ter. Lakhta-Olgino municipal district, Lakhtinsky Ave., 2, building 3, building 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.ishkov@adm.gazprom.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5287-4397</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жданеев</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhdaneev</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жданеев Олег Валерьевич, ведущий научный сотрудник, Профессор высшей нефтяной школы, Югорский государственный университет</p><p>119991, ГСП-1, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-кт, д.29, тел.: +7(495)955-42-01</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhdaneev Oleg Valerevich, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Leading Researcher Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (INHS RAS). Professor of the Higher Oil School</p><p>119991, GSP-1, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 29, tel.: +7(495)955-42-01</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Zhdaneev@rosenergo.gov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9130-1155</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романов</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Романов Константин Владимирович, кандидат экономических наук, заместитель начальника Управления, ответственный секретарь Координационного комитета по вопросам рационального природопользования, генеральный директор</p><p>197229, г. Санкт-Петербург, вн. тер. г. муниципальный округ Лахта-Ольгино, пр-кт Лахтинский, д. 2, к. 3, стр. 1</p><p>142717, Московская область, п. Развилка, ул. Газовиков, зд. 15, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Romanov Konstantin Vladimirovich, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Deputy Head of the Department Executive Secretary of the Coordination Committee of PJSC Gazprom for Rational Natural Resources Management, General Director</p><p>197229, St. Petersburg, ext. ter. Lakhta-Olgino municipal district, Lakhtinsky Ave., 2, building 3, building 1</p><p>142717, Moscow region, Razvilka village, st. Gazovikov, building 15, p. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k.romanov@adm.gazprom.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6718-9959</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колошкин</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koloshkin</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колошкин Евгений Александрович, главный технолог, ученый секретарь секции № 19 научно-технического совета</p><p>197229, г. Санкт-Петербург, вн. тер. г. муниципальный округ Лахта-Ольгино, пр-кт Лахтинский, д. 2, к. 3, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Koloshkin Evgeny Alexandrovich, Chief Technologist, Scientific Secretary of Section No. 19 of the Scientific and Technical Council</p><p>197229, St. Petersburg, ext. ter. Lakhta-Olgino municipal district, Lakhtinsky Ave., 2, building 3, building 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.a.koloshkin@adm.gazprom.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0949-9974</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куликов Данил Владимирович, помощник генерального директора</p><p>142717, Московская область, п. Развилка, ул. Газовиков, зд. 15, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kulikov Danil Vladimirovich, advisor </p><p>142717, Moscow region, Razvilka village, st. Gazovikov, building 15, p. 1.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.kulikov@adm.gazprom.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михайлов Андрей Михайлович, заместитель начальника центра инновационных газохимических технологий кандидат технических наук</p><p>195112, г. Санкт-Петербург, вн. тер. г. муниципальный округ Малая Охта, пр-кт Малоохтинский, д. 45, литера А, помещ. 2-Н, офис 812</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhailov Andrey Mikhailovich, Ph. D., Deputy Head of the Center for Innovative Gas Chemical Technologies</p><p>Scopus ID: 55809144900</p><p>195112, St. Petersburg, ext. ter. Malaya Okhta municipal district,Malookhtinsky Ave., 45, letter A, premises. 2-N, office 812</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">A_Mikhaylov@vniigaz.gazprom.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-3863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джусь</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhus</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Джусь Кирилл Андреевич, руководитель направления частного учреждения по обеспечению научного развития атомной отрасли «Наука и инновации», кандидат технических наук</p><p>Scopus ID: 57207157379, Author ID: 612068</p><p>119017, г. Москва, ул. Большая Ордынка, д. 24 этаж / каб. 8 / 820</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Jus Kirill Andreevich, Ph. D., program manager at Science and Innovations – Nuclear Industry Scientific Development, Private Enterprise</p><p>Scopus ID: 57207157379, Author ID: 612068</p><p>119017, Moscow, st. Bolshaya Ordynka, 24th floor / room. 8 / 820</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KADzhus@rosatom.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9589-6206</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лугвищук</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lugvishchuk</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лугвищук Дмитрий Сергеевич, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории водородных технологий центра инновационных газохимических технологий, кандидат технических наук</p><p>195112, г. Санкт-Петербург, вн. тер. г. муниципальный округ Малая Охта, пр-кт Малоохтинский, д. 45, литера А, помещ. 2-Н, офис 812</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lugvishchuk Dmitriy Sergeevich, Ph. D., Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Hydrogen Technologies, Center for Innovative Gas Chemical Technologie</p><p>195112, St. Petersburg, ext. ter. Malaya Okhta municipal district, Malookhtinsky Ave., 45, letter A, premises. 2-N, office 812</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d_lugvishchuk@vniigaz.gazprom.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7847-7965</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богдан</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdan</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богдан Ирина Борисовна, руководитель проектов</p><p>142717, Московская область, п. Развилка, ул. Газовиков, зд. 15, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bogdan Irina Borisovna, Project Manager</p><p>142717, Moscow region, Razvilka village, st. Gazovikov, building 15, p. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bogdanib@gp-hydrogen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маслова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маслова Елена Владимировна, ведущий научный консультант</p><p>142717, Московская область, п. Развилка, ул. Газовиков, зд. 15, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maslova Elena Vladimirovna, lead scientific consultant</p><p>142717, Moscow region, Razvilka village, st. Gazovikov, building 15, p. 1.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e_maslova@gp-hydrogen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ПАО «Газпром»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>PJSC Gazprom</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт нефтехимического синтеза им. А. В. Топчиева Российской академии наук (ИНХС РАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis named after. A. V. Topchiev Russian Academy of Sciences (INHS RAS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ПАО «Газпром» ; ООО «Газпром Водород»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>PJSC Gazprom ; Gazprom Hydrogen LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Газпром Водород»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gazprom Hydrogen LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Газпром ВНИИГАЗ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC Gazprom VNIIGAZ</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Частное Учреждение «Наука и Инновации»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Private Institution «Science and Innovation»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>183</fpage><lpage>208</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2453">https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2453</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассмотрены существующие подходы к сертификации низкоуглеродного водорода и предложены рекомендации по их совершенствованию на основе оценки углеродного следа по всему жизненному циклу. Представлена комплексная оценка углеродного следа водорода, получаемого из воды и метана при паровом риформинге. По результатам оценки сделан вывод о том, что примерно 50% водорода производится из воды, соответствует показателям низкоуглеродного водорода (уровень выбросов в диапазоне 4,2-4,5 кг CO2экв/кг H2) и может рассматриваться при сертификации, как возобновляемый водород. Результаты оценки углеродного следа водорода из сероводорода демонстрируют, что для сероводородной конверсии метана и термического разложения сероводорода, выбросы диоксида углерода составят порядка 1,842 и 2,244 кг CO2/кг H2, соответственно. С учетом сопутствующих выбросов при добыче природного газа суммарные выбросы парниковых газов для рассматриваемых процессов составляют 4,649 и 6,129 кг CO2экв/кг H2, соответственно при использовании сетевой электроэнергии. При использовании электричества от гидроэнергетики, суммарные выбросы парниковых газов при производстве водорода путем сероводородной конверсии метана и термического разложения сероводорода составят 2,33 и 2,78 кг CO2/кг H2 соответственно, а для щелочного электролизера они около 2,60 кг CO2/кг H2. Таким образом, при использовании низкоуглеродных источников электроэнергии для обеспечения работоспособности процессов технологии получения водорода из сероводорода демонстрируют сравнительные показатели с процессами электролиза воды, а в некоторых случаях демонстрируют даже более низкие выбросы.</p><p>Дополнительно рассмотрено и проанализировано воздействие утечек водорода на парниковый эффект, что позволяет сделать вывод о том, что водород является косвенным парниковым газом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article reviews existing approaches to low-carbon hydrogen certification and offers recommendations for their improvement based on an assessment of the carbon footprint across the entire life cycle. A comprehensive assessment of the carbon footprint of hydrogen produced from water and methane during steam reforming is presented. The assessment concluded that approximately 50% of hydrogen is produced from water, meets the requirements of low-carbon hydrogen(emission levels in the range of 4,2-4,5 kg CO2eq/kg H2) and can be considered for certification as renewable hydrogen. The results of estimating the carbon footprint of hydrogen from hydrogen sulfide demonstrate that for hydrogen sulfide conversion of methane and thermal decomposition of hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide emissions will be on the order of 1,842 and 2,244 kg CO2/kg H2, respectively. Taking into account associated emissions from natural gas production, the total greenhouse gas emissions for the processes under consideration are 4,649 and 6,129 kg CO2eq/kg H2, respectively, when using grid electricity. When using electricity from hydropower, the total greenhouse gas emissions from hydrogen production through hydrogen sulfide conversion of methane and thermal decomposition of hydrogen sulfide will be 2,33 and 2,78 kg CO2/kg H2, respectively, and for an alkaline electrolyzer they are about 2,60 kg CO2/kg H2. Thus, when using low-carbon sources of electricity to power processes, hydrogen sulfide technologies perform comparable to water electrolysis processes, and in some cases even show lower emissions.</p><p>Additionally, the impact of hydrogen leaks on the greenhouse effect is considered and analyzed, which allows us to conclude that hydrogen is an indirect greenhouse gas.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>водород</kwd><kwd>водородная отрасль</kwd><kwd>сертификация водорода</kwd><kwd>парниковый эффект</kwd><kwd>парниковые газы</kwd><kwd>сероводород</kwd><kwd>природный водород</kwd><kwd>углеродный след</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hydrogen</kwd><kwd>hydrogen industry</kwd><kwd>hydrogen certification</kwd><kwd>greenhouse effect</kwd><kwd>greenhouse gases</kwd><kwd>hydrogen sulfide</kwd><kwd>natural hydrogen</kwd><kwd>carbon footprint</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ali S., Alkhatib I., AlHajaj A., Vega L. 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