Алла Витальевна Звягинцева, доцент, кандидат технических наук.
394006, Воронеж, улица 20-летия Октября, 84
Alla Vitalievna Zvyagintseva, Associate professor, Candidate ofTechnical Sciences
394006, Voronezh, 20th Anniversary of October Street, 84
Кульнева Виолетта Владимировна, преподаватель
394006, Воронеж, улица 20-летия Октября, 84
Kulneva Violetta Vladimirovna, teacher
394006, Voronezh, 20th Anniversary of October Street, 84
В работе рассмотрены выбросы загрязняющих веществ от автомобильного транспорта, в совокупном загрязнении атмосферы они составляют до 70% на примере конкретного мегаполиса. Автомобильная магистраль рассматривается как линейный источник, состоящий из точечных одиночных источников загрязнения. Особое внимание уделено взвешенным мелкодисперсным частицам в твёрдой фазе.
Безусловно, при оценке уровня загрязнения окружающей среды важно учитывать не только общее число единиц автотранспорта, но и соотношение автомобилей разных категорий, поскольку они, имея различные коэффициенты выбросов, поставляют неравноценные объемы (массу) компонентов отработавших газов.
Установлена вариабельность плотности автотранспортного потока на улицах шести административных районов г. Воронежа и сложность зонирования территории города на базе трехлетнего мониторинга. Предложено для получения достоверных данных на протяжении периода мониторинга точки учетов располагать на улицах, разных по своему статусу в общей транспортной сети города.
Проведено моделирование диффузионных перемещений и миграций твердофазных загрязняющих ингредиентов воздуха придорожных территорий. Модель диффузионных перемещений и миграций тяжелых металлов рассмотрена применительно только к пассивным контаминантам.
Реализован выбор и рекомендована методика исследования уровня запылённости дорог автотранспорта, позволяющая зафиксировать в воздухе пылевые частицы от 0,1 мкм до 250 мкм. Предложен алгоритм совершенствованной системы мониторинга содержания мелкодисперсной пыли в атмосфере селитебной зоны.
Для минимизации эмиссии взвешенных веществ предложена двухступенчатая система очистки выброса, состоящая из газожидкостного абсорбера и каталитического адсорбера.
The paper considers emissions of pollutants from motor transport, in total atmospheric pollution they amount to 70% on the example of a specific megalopolis. The highway is considered as a linear source consisting of single point sources of pollution. Special attention is paid to suspended fine particles in the solid phase.
Definitely, when assessing the level of environmental pollution, it is important to take into account not only the total number of vehicles, but also the ratio of cars of different categories, since they, having different emission factors, supply unequal volumes (mass) exhaust gas components.
The variability of traffic density on the streets of six administrative districts of Voronezh and the complexity of zoning the city territory based on three-year monitoring have been established. It is proposed to place accounting points on streets that differ in their status in the general transport network of the city in order to obtain reliable data during the monitoring period.
The simulation of diffusion movements and migrations of solid-phase air pollutants in roadside areas has been carried out. The model of diffusion movements and migrations of heavy metals is considered in relation only to passive contaminants.
A choice was made and a method was recommended for investigating the level of dustiness of motor transport roads, which allows dust particles from 0.1 microns to 250 microns to be fixed in the air. An algorithm for an improved monitoring system for the content of fine dust in the atmosphere of a residential area is proposed.
To minimize the emission of suspended solids, a two-stage emission purification system consisting of a gas-liquid absorber and a catalytic adsorberis proposed.
The paper considers emissions of pollutants from motor transport, which make up 70% of the total air pollution using a specific metropolis as an example. The motorway is considered as a linear source consisting of point single sources of pollution. Particular attention is paid to suspended fine particles in the solid phase.
Certainly, when assessing the level of environmental pollution, it is important to take into account not only the total number of motor vehicles, but also the ratio of cars of different categories, since they, having different emission factors, supply unequal volumes (mass) of exhaust gas components.
The variability of the traffic flow density on the streets of six administrative districts of Voronezh and the complexity of zoning the city territory based on three-year monitoring were established. It is proposed to locate the metering points on streets that differ in their status in the general transport network of the city in order to obtain reliable data during the monitoring period.
Modeling of diffusion movements and migrations of solid-phase polluting ingredients of the air of roadside areas was carried out. The model of diffusion movements and migrations of heavy metals is considered in relation only to passive contaminants.
The choice and recommendation of the methodology for studying the level of dustiness of roads of motor transport is implemented, allowing recording dust particles from 0.1 μm to 250 μm in the air. An algorithm of an improved system for monitoring the content of fine dust in the atmosphere of a residential area is proposed.
To minimize the emission of suspended matter, a two-stage emission purification system is proposed, consisting of a gas-liquid absorber and a catalytic adsorber.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.