alternativeАльтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)1608-8298Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс10.15518/isjaee.2025.01.105-114alternative-2547Research ArticleI. ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМАЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИКА. 5-3-0-0 Энергия биомассы и экологияI. RENEWABLE ENERGY. 5-3-0-0 Energy of biomass and ecologyИсследование физико-химическими методами биодизеля, полученного из отходов агропромышленного комплексаResearch of bıodıesel obtaıned from agro-ındustrıal waste usıng physıcochemıcal methodshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8734-2921СулеймановаА. Б.SuleymanovaA. B.

Сулейманова Айша Баба кызы - заведующий лаборатории «Масла и мази» 

Az 2002, Азербайджан, г. Гянджа, проспект Г. Алиева, 419 

+99450-488-37-92, 022556769 

Suleymanova Aisha Baba -  head of the laboratory “Oils and ointments” 

Az 2002, Azerbaijan, Ganja, G. Aliyev Avenue, 419 

+99450-488-37-92, 022556769 

ayshe_hesenova@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0669-3974МухтароваГ. С.MukhtarovaG. S.

Мухтарова Гюльбениз Сиявуш кызы -  доктор технических наук, доцент, ст. н. с. при лаборатории № 21 

Az 1025, Азербайджан, г. Баку, проспект Ходжалы, 30

+99455-827-80-36, 0224932367

Mukhtarova Gulbaniz Siyavush - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher at Laboratory No. 21 

Az 1025, Azerbaijan, Baku, Khojaly Avenue, 30

+99455-827-80-36, 0224932367 

gulbenizmuxtarova@yahoo.comИнститут Биоресурсов Министерства науки и образования Азербайджанской РеспубликиАзербайджанInstitute of Bioresources of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of AzerbaijanAzerbaijanИнститут Нефтехимических Процессов имени Ю. Мамедалиева Министерства науки и образования Азербайджанской РеспубликиАзербайджанInstitute of Petrochemical Processes named after Y. Mamedaliyev Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of AzerbaijanAzerbaijan20251402202501105114Copyright © Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 20252025Международный издательский дом научной периодики "СпейсМеждународный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейсhttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2547

В современной нефтехимии в условиях нарастающего дефицита энергоносителей и существенного увеличения спроса на все виды топливного сырья экономия энергоресурсов и сырья является чрезвычайно актуальной проблемой. Биодизель – это альтернативное топливо, используемое в дизельных двигателях, изготавливаемое из возобновляемого сырья, такого как растительные масла. В статье рассматривается процесс получения биодизеля из масла виноградных косточек, отхода, остающегося после производства различных вин и фруктовых соков на ОАО «Гянджа Шараб-2» – агропромышленном предприятии, действующем в Западном регионе Азербайджана. В качестве сырья использовалось масло, полученное путем экстракции из отходов виноградных косточек. Биодизель производился из масла виноградных косточек методом трансэтерификации с использованием KOH в качестве катализатора, диапазон температур реакции 20 ˚C, 40 ˚C, 60 ˚C и соотношение масла к метанолу 1:3, 1:6, 1:12 моль. При оптимальном проведении реакции трансеэтерификации при молярном соотношении масла к метанолу 1:12 и температуре 60 ˚C выход биодизеля увеличился с 60% до 100%. Состав полученного биодизеля был проанализирован методом ИК-спектроскопии и подтвержден пиками, указывающими на то, что он образовался в результате трансэтерификации растительных масел. Изучены различные физико-химические свойства биодизельного топлива в сравнении со свойствами дизельного топлива на нефтяной основе. Полученное биотопливо превосходит традиционное дизельное топливо как по своим физико-химическим свойствам, так и по экологическим и эксплуатационным характеристикам. Для улучшения эксплуатационных и экологических свойств дизельного топлива предложено использовать биодизель в качестве биологической добавки.

In modern petrochemistry, in the conditions of increasing energy shortage and significant increase in demand for all types of fuel raw materials, saving energy resources and raw materials is an extremely urgent problem. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel used in diesel engines, made from renewable raw materials such as vegetable oils. The article discusses the process of obtaining biodiesel from grape seed oil, a waste remaining after the production of various wines and fruit juices, at Ganja Sharab-2 OJSC, an agro-industrial enterprise operating in the Western region of Azerbaijan. Oil obtained by extraction from grape seed waste was used as raw material. Biodiesel was produced from grape seed oil by transesterification using KOH as a catalyst, the reaction temperature range is 20˚C, 40˚C, 60˚C and the ratio of oil to methanol is 1:3, 1:6, 1:12 mol. When the transesterification reaction was carried out optimally at a molar ratio of oil to methanol of 1:12 and a temperature of 60˚C, the biodiesel yield increased from 60% to 100%. The composition of the resulting biodiesel was analyzed by IR spectroscopy and confirmed by peaks indicating that it was formed as a result of transesterification of vegetable oils. Various physicochemical properties of biodiesel fuel were studied in comparison with the properties of petroleum-based diesel fuel. The resulting biofuel surpasses traditional diesel fuel in both its physicochemical properties and environmental and performance characteristics. To improve the operational and environmental properties of diesel fuel, it is proposed to use biodiesel as a biological additive.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.