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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">alternative</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Альтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-8298</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15518/isjaee.2022.06.050-065</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">alternative-2571</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОДОРОДНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYDROGEN ECONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальное определение энергетического выхода двухстадийного процесса мезофильно-термофильного анаэробного сбраживания молочной сыворотки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental determination of the energy recovery of a two-stage process of mesophilic-thermophilic anaerobic digestion of cheese whey</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1983-3454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалев Андрей Александрович - старший научный сотрудник лаборатории биоэнергетических и сверхкритических технологий, кандидат технических наук</p><p>ResearcherID: F-7045-2017</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57205285134</p><p>109428, Москва, 1-й Институтский проезд, 5; тел. +79263477955</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Kovalev</p><p>ResearcherID: F-7045-2017</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57205285134</p><p>1st Institutsky Proezd, 5, 109428, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovalev_ana@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8659-3166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михеева</surname><given-names>Э. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikheeva</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михеева Эльза Равилевна - научный сотрудник лаборатории ресурсосберегающих биотехнологий, кандидат биологических наук</p><p>ResearcherID: L-8818-2016</p><p>РИНЦ: 607913</p><p>603950, г. Н. Новгород, пр. Гагарина, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elza R Mikheeva</p><p>ResearcherID: L-8818-2016</p><p>603950 Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катраева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katraeva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Катраева Инна Валентиновна - доцент кафедры водоснабжения, водоотведения, инженерной экологии и химии, кандидат технических наук</p><p>ResearcherID: O-4715-2016</p><p>603950, г. Н. Новгород, ул. Ильинская, д. 65</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna V. Katraeva</p><p>ResearcherID: O-4715-2016</p><p>603950 Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3603-3686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалев Дмитрий Александрович - заведующий лабораторией биоэнергетических технологий, кандидат технических наук</p><p>ResearcherID: K-4810-2015</p><p>109428, Москва, 1-й Институтский проезд, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Kovalev</p><p>ResearcherID: K-4810-2015</p><p>1st Institutsky Proezd, 5, 109428</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козлов Андрей Михайлович - доцент кафедры Газохимии, кандидат технических наук</p><p>119991, г. Москва, проспект Ленинский, дом 65, корпус 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey M. Kozlov</p><p>119991, Moscow, Leninsky prospect, 65, building 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5457-4603</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литти Ю.В</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litti</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Литти Юрий Владимирович - заведующий лабораторией микробиологии антропогенных мест обитания, кандидат биологических наук</p><p>ResearcherID: C-4945-2014</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55251689800</p><p>119071 Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 33, 2; тел.: (495) 954-52-83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuriy V. Litti</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55251689800</p><p>119071 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение “Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Нижегородский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (национальный исследовательский университет) имени И.М. Губкина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт микробиологии им. С.Н. Виноградского, Федеральный исследовательский центр «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2571">https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2571</self-uri><abstract><p>Среди возобновляемых источников энергии водород и метан представляют собой газообразные виды топлива, которые имеют более высокую удельную энергию, чем бензин и дизельное топливо, полученные из нефти. В последние годы все больший интерес вызывает переход существующих систем одностадийного анаэробного сбраживания на двухстадийный процесс, который приводит к производству водорода на первой стадии, а затем образование метана на второй стадии. В этом исследовании была проведена оценка энергетических выходов двухстадийного процесса мезофильно-термофильного анаэробного сбраживания нативной творожной сыворотки. Разбавленная молочная сыворотка с исходными концентрациями 6,8, 9,2 и 13,8 г ХПК/л подавалась в мезофильный кислотогенный реактор с гидравлическим временем удерживания 10 часов. Эффлюент кислотогенного реактора затем подавали в три метаногенных реактора, работа которых отличалась гидравлическим временем удерживания: 72 часа, 48 часов и 24 часа. Для иммобилизации анаэробного кислотогенного и метаногенного ила использовали пенополиуретан. Теплота сгорания определялась согласно методике измерений с применением калориметра сжигания с бомбой для режимов с наибольшим содержанием метана и с наибольшим содержанием водорода, а также расчетным методом по содержанию горючих газов в биогитане. Полученные отклонения расчетной величины теплоты сгорания биогитана от определенной экспериментально (4,84–7,60%) могли быть связаны с тем, что теплота сгорания биогитана, вероятно, не равняется сумме теплот сгорания водорода и метана с учетом их относительного содержания в биогитане. При этом увеличение содержания водорода в биогитане приводило к снижению отклонения расчетных и экспериментальных значений теплоты сгорания биогитана. Максимальный объемный энергетический выход составил 53,2 кДж/(л·сут) при концентрации 13,8 г ХПК/л в инфлюенте, гидравлическом времени удержания (ГВУ) в кислотогенном реакторе 10ч и ГВУ в метаногенном реакторе 48 ч. Максимальный удельный энергетический выход (14,42 кДж/г ХПК) наблюдался при концентрации 9,2 г ХПК/л в инфлюенте, ГВУ в кислотогенном реакторе 10ч и ГВУ в метаногенном реакторе 72 ч. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Among renewable energy sources, hydrogen and methane are gaseous fuels that have a higher energy density than petroleum-derived gasoline and diesel. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in converting existing anaerobic digestion systems to a two-stage process that results in the production of hydrogen in the first stage and then the production of methane in the second stage. In this study, an assessment was made of the energy yields of a two-stage process of mesophilic-thermophilic anaerobic fermentation of native cheese whey. Cheese whey was fed into a mesophilic acid reactor at three CODs of 6.8 g/l, 9.2 g/l and 13.8 g/l with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 hours. The acidogenic reactor effluent was then fed to three methanogenic reactors, which operated at different HRTs: 72, 48, and 24 hours. The working volumes of the reactors were 900 ml each. Polyurethane foam was used to immobilize the anaerobic acidogenic and methanogenic sludge. The heating value (HV) was determined according to the measurement method using a bomb calorimeter for modes with the highest methane content and with the highest hydrogen content, as well as a calculation method based on the content of combustible gases in biohythane. The obtained deviations of the calculated HV value of biohythane from the experimentally determined HV value (2.51–7.11%) could be due to the fact that the HV value of biohythane is probably not equal to the sum of the HV values of hydrogen and methane. While an increase in the hydrogen content in biohythane leads to a decrease in the deviation of the calculated and experimental HV values of biohythane. The maximum energy production rate (EPR) was 53.2 kJ/(l day) at a COD concentration in the influent of 13.8 g/l, a hydraulic retention time (HRT) in an acidogenic reactor of 10 h, and a HRT in a methanogenic reactor of 48 h. The maximum energy yield (EY) (14,42 kJ/g COD) was observed at a COD concentration in the influent of 9.2 g/l, HRT in an acidogenic reactor for 10 h and HRT in a methanogenic reactor for 72 h.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>энергетический выход</kwd><kwd>двухстадийное анаэробное сбраживание</kwd><kwd>биогитан</kwd><kwd>мезофильно- термофильный режим</kwd><kwd>теплота сгорания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>energy recovery</kwd><kwd>two-stage anaerobic digestion</kwd><kwd>biohythane</kwd><kwd>mesophilic-thermophilic mode</kwd><kwd>heating value</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 21-79-10153, https://rscf.ru/project/21-79-10153/. Работа Ковалев Д.А. и Литти Ю.В. финансировалась Министерством науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Lunprom, S.; Phanduang, O.; Salakkam, A.; Liao, Q.; Imai, T.; Reungsang, A. Bio-Hythane Production from Residual Biomass of Chlorella Sp. Biomass through a Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2019, 44 (6), 3339–3346. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.09.064.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[1]. Lunprom, S.; Phanduang, O.; Salakkam, A.; Liao, Q.; Imai, T.; Reungsang, A. Bio-Hythane Production from Residual Biomass of Chlorella Sp. Biomass through a Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion. 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