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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">alternative</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Альтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-8298</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15518/isjaee.2025.03.083-102</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">alternative-2616</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>IV. ВОДОРОДНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА 12. Водородная экономика. 12-5-12-0 Новые способы получения водорода</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IV. HYDROGEN ECONOMY 12. Hydrogen economy. 12-5-12-0 Novel hydrogen production methods</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние кратности подачи предварительно обработанного в аппарате вихревого слоя субстрата на эффективность получения биоводорода в процессе темновой ферментации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of different feeding rates of substrate pretreated in a vortex layer apparatus on dark fermentative biohydrogen production</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1983-3454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Александрович Ковалев, главный научный сотрудник, доктор технических наук</p><p>лаборатория биоэнергетических технологий</p><p>109428; 1-й Институтский проезд, 5; Москва</p><p>Образование: Московский государственный университет путей сообщения (МИИТ) 2009 г., инженер; Область научных интересов: возобновляемые источники энергии; анаэробная переработка отходов животноводства, производство биогаза из биомассы; теплоэнергетические установки; тепломассообмен; Публикации: более 200; Индекс Хирша: РИНЦ – 18; Scopus – 15; Researchgate – 18; Researcher ID: F-7045-2017; Scopus Author ID: 57205285134</p><p>+79263477955</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey Alexandrovich Kovalev, chief researcher, doctor of technical sciences</p><p>laboratory of bioenergy technologies</p><p>109428; 1-y Institutskiy proezd, 5; Moscow</p><p>Education: Moscow state University of railway engineering (MIIT) 2009, engineer; Area of scientific interests: renewable energy; anaerobic digestionof animal waste; biogas production from biomass heat and power plants;heat and mass transfer. Publications: more than 200</p><p>+79263477955</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovalev_ana@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3603-3686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Александрович Ковалев, заведующий лабораторией, кандидат технических наук</p><p>лаборатория биоэнергетических технологий</p><p>109428; 1-й Институтский проезд, 5; Москва</p><p>Образование: Московский государственный индустриальный университет (МГИУ) 2003 г., инженер; Область научных интересов: возобновляемые источники энергии; анаэробная переработка отходов животноводства; технические инновации в сельском хозяйстве и защите окружающей среды; производство биогаза из биомассы; Публикации: более 200; Индекс Хирша: РИНЦ – 17; WoS – 8; Researcher ID: K-4810-2015</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry Alexandrovich Kovalev, head of the laboratory, candidate of technical sciences</p><p>laboratory of bioenergy and supercritical technologies</p><p>109428; 1-y Institutskiy proezd, 5; Moscow</p><p>Education: Moscow state industrial University (MSIU) 2003, engineer; Area of scientific interests: renewable energy; anaerobic digestion of animal waste; technical innovations in agriculture and environmental protection; the production of biogas from biomass; Publications: more than 200</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4689-843X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панченко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panchenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Анатольевич Панченко, кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>лаборатория Федерального научного агроинжнерного центра ВИМ</p><p>127994; ул. Образцова, д. 9; Москва</p><p>Образование: Московский государственный технический университет имени Н. Э. Баумана. 2009 г., инженер; Область научных интересов: возобновляемая энергетика; трёхмерное моделирование; электротранспорт; циклическая экономика и устойчивое развитие; Публикации: более 300; Индекс Хирша: РИНЦ – 20; Scopus – 7; WoS – 10; ResearcherID: P-8127-2017; Scopus Author ID: 57201922860; Web of Science ResearcherID: AAE-1758-2019</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir Anatolyevich Panchenko, candidate of technical sciences, associate professor, senior researcher</p><p>Laboratory of the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM</p><p>127994; ul. Obraztsova, d. 9; Moscow</p><p>Education: Moscow State Technical University named after N. E. Bauman, 2009, engineer; Area of scientific interests: renewable energy; 3D modeling; electric transport; circular economy and sustainable development; Publications: more than 300</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3847-2260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вивекананд</surname><given-names>Вивекананд</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vivekanand</surname><given-names>Vivekanand</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вивекананд Вивекананд, доцент</p><p>302017; Раджастхан; Джайпур</p><p>Область научных интересов: биохимически ориентированный универсальный биотехнолог в области лигноцеллюлозной биомассы, водорослей, молочной промышленности для биоэнергетического и биохимического производства. Биомасса, биоэнергия, биогаз, устойчивые энергетические ресурсы; Публикации: 63; Индекс Хирша: WoS – 43; Scopus Author ID: 57211114758</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vivekanand Vivekanand, Assistant Professor</p><p>Center for Energy and Environment</p><p>302017; Rajasthan; Jaipur</p><p>Area of scientific interests: biochemically oriented versatile biotechnologist in the area of lignocellulosic biomass, seaweed, dairy industry for bioenergy and biochemical production. Biomass, Bioenergy, Biogas, Sustainable Energy Resources; Publications: 63</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парик</surname><given-names>Нидхи</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pareek</surname><given-names>Nidhi</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нидхи Парик, доцент</p><p>Школа естественных наук; кафедра микробиологии; Лаборатория микробного катализа и технологических процессов</p><p>305817; Раджастхан; Аджмер</p><p>Область научных интересов: микробиология; морская биология; биотехнология; ферментация; биомасса; биоэнергетика; биогаз; устойчивые энергетические ресурсы; Публикации: 53; Индекс Хирша: WoS – 33</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nidhi Pareek, Assistant Professor</p><p>School of Life Sciences; Department of Microbiology; Laboratory of Microbial Catalysis and Process Engineering; Microbial Catalysis and Process Engineering Laboratory</p><p>305817; Rajasthan; Ajmer</p><p>Area of scientific interests: мicrobiology; marine biology; biotechnology; fermentation; biomass; bioenergy; biogas; sustainable energy resources; Publications: 53</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масакапалли</surname><given-names>Шьям Кумар</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Masakapalli</surname><given-names>Shyam Kumar</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шьям Кумар Масакапалли, доцент</p><p>Школа фундаментальных наук; Центр BioX</p><p>175075; Химачал-Прадеш; Манди; Каманд</p><p>Область научных интересов: метаболическая системная биология растений и микробных систем. Подходы метаболомики и флюксомики, интегрированные с платформами ГХ-МС и ЯМР. Клеточный метаболизм, фитохимия, биопереработка и агротехнологии. Системная биология; биотехнология; сельскохозяйственное растениеводство; микробиология; Публикации: 69; Индекс Хирша: WoS – 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shyam Kumar Masakapalli, Assistant Professor</p><p>School of Basic Sciences; BioX Center</p><p>175075; Himachal Pradesh; Mandi; Kamand</p><p>Area of scientific interests: metabolic systems biology of plant and microbial systems. metabolomics and fluxomics approaches integrated with GC-MS and NMR platforms is allowing us to better understand cellular metabolic phenotypes. Challenging R &amp; D projects are ongoing in the areas of cellular metabolism; phytochemistry; bioprocessing and agrotechnologies; Publications: 69</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5525-0459</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журавлева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuravleva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Александровна Журавлева, науч. сотр., лаборатории микробиологии антропогенных мест обитания, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Институт микробиологии им. С. Н. Виноградского</p><p>Образование: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова, 2019 г., микробиолог; Область научных интересов: анаэробные микроорганизмы; метаногенные сообщества микроорганизмов; метаногенез; органические отходы; очистка сточных вод; прямой межвидовой перенос электронов; синтрофия; Публикации: более 30; Индекс Хирша: РИНЦ – 7; Scopus – 11; WoS – 10; Researcher ID: JBS-4297-2023; Scopus Author ID: 57216346570</p><p>119071; Ленинский пр-т, дом 33, строение 2; Москва</p><p>Тел.: (495) 954-52-83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Alexandrovna Zhuravleva, researcher, postgraduate, PhD</p><p>Laboratory of Microbiology of Anthropogenic Habitats</p><p>119071; Leninsky Prospekt, building 33, building 2; Moscow</p><p>tel.: (495) 954-52-83</p><p>Education: Lomonosov Moscow State University, 2019, microbiologist; Area of scientific interests: anaerobic microorganisms; methanogenic communities of microorganisms; methanogenesis; organic waste; waste-water treatment; direct interspecies electron transfer; syntrophy; Publications: more than 30</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8215-2814</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лайкова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Laikova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александра Алексеевна Лайкова, младший научный сотрудник, аспирант</p><p>Институт микробиологии им. С. Н. Виноградского; лаборатория микробиологии антропогенных мест обитания</p><p>119071; Ленинский пр-т, дом 33, строение 2; Москва</p><p>Образование: Московский Государственный Университет имени М. В. Ломоносова, 2023 г., микробиолог; Область научных интересов: биоводород; биогаз; биогитан; осадки сточных вод; анаэробная ферментация; биотехнология; анаэробная переработка отходов; водородпродуцирующие бактерии; метаногенное сообщество; Публикации: более 15; Индекс Хирша: РИНЦ – 6; Scopus – 6; WoS – 6; Researcher ID: IVU-7977-2023; Scopus Author ID: 58044317600</p><p>Тел.: (495) 954-52-83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra Alekseevna Laikova, junior researcher, PhD student</p><p>Laboratory of Microbiology of Anthropogenic Habitats</p><p>119071; Leninsky Prospekt, building 33, building 2; Moscow</p><p>tel.: (495) 954-52-83</p><p>Education: M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 2023, Microbiologist; Area of scientific interests: biohydrogen; biogas; biohythane; sewage sludge; anaerobic fermentation; biotechnology; anaerobic conversion of waste; hydrogen-producing bacteria; methanogenic community; Publications: more than 15</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7458-0031</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шехурдина</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shekhurdina</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Витальевна Шехурдина, младший научный сотрудник, аспирант</p><p>лаборатория микробиологии антропогенных мест обитания</p><p>Институт микробиологии им. С. Н. Виноградского</p><p>119071; Ленинский пр-т, дом 33, строение 2; Москва</p><p>Образование: Московский Государственный Университет имени М. В. Ломоносова (МГУ), 2023 г., микробиолог; Область научных интересов: анаэробное сбраживание; прямой межвидовой перенос электронов; анаэробные микроорганизмы; метаногенные сообщества; метаногенез; биогаз; анаэробная переработка органических отходов; Публикации: более 15; Индекс Хирша: Scopus – 7, WoS – 7; Scopus Author ID: 57564192200; Researcher ID: JZW-4863-2024</p><p>Тел.: (495) 954-52-83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana Vitalievna Shekhurdina, junior researcher, PhD student</p><p>Laboratory of Microbiology of Anthropogenic Habitats</p><p>119071; Leninsky Prospekt, building 33, building 2; Moscow</p><p>Education: Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), 2021, Microbiologist; Area of scientific interests: anaerobic digestion, direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), anaerobic microorganisms, methanogenic communities, methanogenesis, biogas, anaerobic processing of organic waste; Publications: more than 15</p><p>tel.: (495) 954-52-83</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0931-8789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иваненко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артем Александрович Иваненко, инженер, бакалавр</p><p>Институт микробиологии им. С. Н. Виноградского; биологический факультет; лаборатория микробиологии антропогенных мест обитания</p><p>119071; Ленинский пр-т, дом 33, строение 2; 119899; Ленинские Горы, 1, строение 12; Москва</p><p>Образование: Московский Государственный Университет имени М. В. Ломоносова, 2024 г., экология и природопользование; Область научных интересов: биогаз; биоводород; анаэробная переработка отходов; биотехнология; метаногенные сообщества микроорганизмов; Публикации: более 5; Индекс Хирша: Scopus – 2; Researcher ID: JAX-4154-2023</p><p>Тел.: (495) 954-52-83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem Alexandrovich Ivanenko, engineer, bachelor</p><p>Department of Biology; Laboratory of Microbiology of Anthropogenic Habitats</p><p>119071; Leninsky Prospekt, building 33, building 2; 119899; Leninskie Gory, 1, building 12; Moscow</p><p>Education: M. V. Lomonosov State University, 2024, ecology and environmental management; Area of scientific interests: biogas; biohydrogen; anaerobic conversion of waste; biotechnology; methanogenic community; biorefinery; Publications: more than 5</p><p>tel.: (495) 954-52-83</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5457-4603</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литти</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litti</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Владимирович Литти,  заведующий лабораторией, кандидат биологических наук</p><p>Институт микробиологии им. С. Н. Виноградского; лаборатория микробиологии антропогенных мест обитания</p><p>119071; Ленинский пр-т, дом 33, строение 2; Москва</p><p>Образование: Российский химико-технологический университет им. Д. И. Менделеева (РХТУ) 2008 г., инженер; Область научных интересов: анаэробные микроорганизмы; метаногенные сообщества микроорганизмов; метаногенез; твердые органические отходы; очисткасточных вод; нитрификация; денитрификация; процесс анаммокс; анаммокс-бактерии; Публикации: более 80; Индекс Хирша: РИНЦ – 19;Scopus – 19; WoS – 18; Researcher ID: C-4945-2014; Scopus Author ID: 55251689800</p><p>Тел.: (495) 954-52-83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri Vladimirovich Litti, Head of Laboratory, Candidate of Biological Sciences</p><p>Laboratory of Microbiology of Anthropogenic Habitats</p><p>119071; Leninsky Prospekt, building 33, building 2; Moscow</p><p>Education: D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia(MUCTR) 2008, engineer; Area of scientific interests: anaerobic microorganisms; methanogenic communities of microorganisms;methanogenesis; solid organic waste; wastewater treatment; nitrification; denitrification; anammox process; anammox bacteria; Publications: more than 80</p><p>tel.: (495) 954-52-83</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет транспорта</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Transport</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный технологический институт Малавии; Центр энергетики и окружающей среды</institution><country>Индия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Malaviya National Institute of Technology</institution><country>India</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный университет Раджастхана</institution><country>Индия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central University of Rajasthan</institution><country>India</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Индийский технологический институт</institution><country>Индия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Indian Institute of Technology</institution><country>India</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Microbiology named after S. N. Vinogradsky, Federal Research Center «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» Российской академии наук; Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Microbiology named after S. N. Vinogradsky, Federal Research Center «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>102</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2616">https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2616</self-uri><abstract><p>   Процесс темновой ферментации (ТФ) представляет значительный интерес для получения биоводорода из органических отходов. Однако промышленное внедрение ТФ все еще ограничено ввиду недостаточно высокой эффективности этого процесса. В данной работе было исследовано влияние разной кратности подачи субстрата (1; 1,5 и 3 сут-1, что соответствовало времени между загрузками 24, 16 и 8 ч) в биореактор ТФ на основные характеристики процесса при постоянном значении гидравлического времени удержания (HRT) и нагрузки по органическому веществу (OLR), равным 1 сутки и 24 г ОВ/(л·сут), соответственно. Для увеличения общей скорости образования и удельного выхода водорода, субстрат подвергался предварительной обработке в аппарате вихревого слоя (АВС). Удельный (HY) и объемный (HPR) выходы, содержание водорода в биогазе (Н2) и содержание растворенного железа в субстрате были наибольшими при кратности подачи субстрата 3 сут-1 (8 часов между подачей субстрата) и составили 618 ± 225 мл/г ОВ, 14,84 ± 5,4 л/(л·сут), 54,8 ± 4,4 %, и 51,5 ± 38,9 мг/л соответственно. Основным продуцентом водорода в микробном сообществе (более 80 %) был род Thermoanaerobacterium. Таким образом, было продемонстрировано, что использование наибольшей кратности подачи субстрата (что соответствует наименьшему времени между загрузками), предобработанного в АВС, обеспечивает наибольшую стабильность и эффективность процесса ТФ. Полученные результаты имеют существенное значение для дальнейшего совершенствования технологии ТФ и могут быть применены при масштабировании процесса в будущем.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The dark fermentation (DF) process is of considerable interest for the production of biohydrogen from organic waste. However, industrial implementation of DF is still limited due to the insufficiently high efficiency of this process. In this work, the effect of different substrate feeding rates (1; 1,5 and 3 d-1, which corresponded to the time between loadings of 24, 16 and 8 h) in the DF bioreactor on the main characteristics of the process was investigated at a constant value of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR) equal to 1 day and 24 g VS/(L day), respectively. To increase the overall hydrogen production rate and hydrogen yield, the substrate was pre-treated in a vortex layer apparatus (VLA). Hydrogen yield (HY), hydrogen production rate (HPR), hydrogen content (H2) in biogas and dissolved iron content in the substrate were the highest at a substrate feeding rate of 3 d-1 (8 h between substrate feeds) and amounted to 618 ± 225 ml/g VS, 14,84 ± 5,4 l/(l day), 54,8 ± 4,4 %, and 51,5 ± 38,9 mg/L, respectively. The main hydrogen producer in the microbial community (more than 80 %) was the genus Thermoanaerobacterium. Thus, it was demonstrated that the use of the highest feeding rate of the substrate (which corresponds to the shortest time between loadings) pretreated in the VLA provides the greatest stability and efficiency of the DF process. The obtained results are of significant importance for further improvement of the DF technology and can be applied when scaling the process in the future.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анаэробная биоконверсия</kwd><kwd>биоводород</kwd><kwd>темновая ферментация</kwd><kwd>кратность подачи субстрата</kwd><kwd>аппарат вихревого слоя</kwd><kwd>предобработка</kwd><kwd>пищевые отходы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anaerobic bioconversion</kwd><kwd>biohydrogen</kwd><kwd>dark fermentation</kwd><kwd>substrate feeding rate</kwd><kwd>vortex bed apparatus</kwd><kwd>pretreatment</kwd><kwd>food waste</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abu Hatab A., Cavinato M. E. R., Lindemer A., Lagerkvist C. -J. Urban Sprawl, Food Security and Agricultural Systems in Developing Countries : A Systematic Review of the Literature. 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