alternativeАльтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)1608-8298Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс10.15518/isjaee.2025.08.089-099alternative-2686Research ArticleI. ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМАЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИКА. 5. Энергия биомассы. 5-3-0-0 Энергия биомассы и экологияI. RENEWABLE ENERGY. 5. Energy of biomass. 5-3-0-0 Energy of biomass and ecologyИсследование биодизеля, полученного из семян граната с участием бентонита, модифицированного CaOStudy of bıodıesel obtaıned from pomegranate seed wıth the partıcıpatıon of bentonıte modıfıed wıth CaOСулеймановаА. Б.SuleymanovaA. B.

Сулейманова Айша Баба кызы, заведующий лаборатории «Масла и мази»

Az 2002,г. Гянджа, проспект Г. Алиева, 419

 

Aisha Baba Suleymanova, head of the laboratory «Oils and ointments»

Az 2002, Azerbaijan, Ganja, G. Aliyev Avenue, 419

ayshe_hesenova@rambler.ruМухтароваГ. С.MukhtarovaG. S.

Мухтарова Гюльбениз Сиявуш кызы, октор технических наук, доцент, ст. н. с. при лаборатории № 21 

Az 1025, г. Баку, проспект Ходжалы, 30

Gulbaniz Siyavush Mukhtarova, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher at Laboratory No. 21

Az 1025, Baku, Khojaly Avenue, 30

Институт Биоресурсов Министерства Науки и Образования Азербайджанской РеспубликиАзербайджанInstitute of Bioresources of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of AzerbaijanAzerbaijanИнститут нефтехимических процессов имени Ю. Мамедалиева Министерства науки и образования Азербайджанской РеспубликиАзербайджанInstitute of Petrochemical Processes named after Y. Mammadaliyev of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of AzerbaijanAzerbaijan202527112025088999Copyright © Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 20252025Международный издательский дом научной периодики "СпейсМеждународный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейсhttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2686

Учитывая сокращение сырьевых источников ископаемого топлива, а также невозобновляемость и нестабильность этих топливных ресурсов, изучение альтернативных источников энергии в настоящее время является одной из глобальных проблем мира. В то же время изучение возобновляемой энергетики имеет большое значение с точки зрения снижения выбросов парниковых газов и загрязнения воздуха. Среди различных возобновляемых источников энергии биомасса (растения и их остатки, отходы) привлекла внимание благодаря своему потенциалу снижения вредного воздействия ископаемого топлива на окружающую среду. Среди различных видов топлива, получаемых из биомассы, биодизель имеет большой потенциал в качестве технологической альтернативы дизельному топливу на основе нефти в качестве зеленой энергии. Биодизель является возобновляемым, устойчивым, биоразлагаемым, нетоксичным и чистым источником энергии. Биодизель представляет собой дизельное топливо на основе длинноцепочечных алкиловых эфиров растительных или животных масел и образуется в результате химической реакции липидов со спиртом, в результате которой образуются эфиры жирных кислот. В научно-исследовательской работе проведена трансэтерификация масел, полученных из семян граната, являющихся отходами производства ООО «AZGRANATA», действующего в Азербайджане, в биодизельное топливо с участием бентонита Даш Салахлы, добытого на территории Газахского района Азербайджана и активированного в качестве гетерогенного катализатора. Выход биодизеля, полученного  в результате реакции трансэтерификации, проводимой в течение 2 часов при температуре 220 °C с мольным соотношением масла к метанолу 1:10 в присутствии модифицированного катализатора 5% CaO/бентонит, составил 93,5%. Определены различные физико-химические показатели масла семян граната, используемого при производстве биодизеля и полученного методом холодного отжима. Физико-химические показатели биодизеля из семян граната были проанализированы с использованием различных физико-химических методов и проведено сравнительное исследование его соответствия международным стандартам ASTM D 6751 (American Society for Testing and Materials - Американское общество по испытаниям и материалам) и EN 14214 (European standard - Европейский стандарт). Определены его физико-химические свойства: плотность 880 кг/м3, кинематическая вязкость 4,5 мм2/с, цетановое число 55 и теплота сгорания 40,6 МДж/кг.

Given the depletion of fossil fuel raw materials, as well as the non-renewability and instability of these fuel resources, the study of alternative energy sources is currently a global challenge. At the same time, the study of renewable energy is of great importance in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Among the various renewable energy sources, biomass (plants and their residues, waste) has attracted attention due to its potential to reduce the harmful impact of fossil fuels on the environment. Among the various fuels derived from biomass, biodiesel has great potential as a technological alternative to petroleum-based diesel fuel for green energy. Biodiesel is a renewable, sustainable, biodegradable, non-toxic, and clean energy source. Biodiesel is a diesel fuel based on long-chain alkyl esters of vegetable or animal oils and is formed by the chemical reaction of lipids with alcohol, resulting in the formation of fatty acid esters. The research involved the transesterification of oils obtained from pomegranate seeds, a waste product of AZGRANATA LLC, a company operating in Azerbaijan, into biodiesel fuel using Dash Salahli bentonite, mined in the Gazakh region of Azerbaijan and activated as a heterogeneous catalyst. The yield of biodiesel obtained as a result of the transesterification reaction carried out for 2 hours at a temperature of 220 °C with an oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:10 in the presence of a modified 5% CaO/bentonite catalyst was 93,5%. Various physicochemical properties of pomegranate seed oil, used in the production of biodiesel and obtained by cold pressing, were determined. The physicochemical properties of pomegranate seed biodiesel were analyzed using various physicochemical methods, and a comparative study was conducted to determine its compliance with the international standards ASTM D 6751 (American Society for Testing and) and EN 14214 (European standard). Its physicochemical properties were determined: density 880 kg/m³, kinematic viscosity 4,5 mm²/s, cetane number 55 and heat of combustion 40,6 MJ/kg.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.