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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">alternative</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Альтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-8298</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15518/isjaee.2025.08.116-139</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">alternative-2688</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>IV. ВОДОРОДНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА.  12. Водородная экономика. 12-5-0-0 Методы получения водорода.  12-5-5-0 Каталитическая конверсия (риформинг)  газообразных и жидких углеводородов</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IV. HYDROGEN ECONOMY.  12. Hydrogen economy. 12-5-0-0 Hydrogen production methods. 12-5-5-0 Method of catalytic conversion (reforming) of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методика расчёта удельных расходов топлива при анализе комбинированного производства водорода на ТЭС с использованием цифрового моделирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methodology for calculating specific fuel consumption in the analysis of combined hydrogen production at thermal power plants using digital simulation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калмыков</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalmykov</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калмыков Константин Сергеевич, ассистент Высшей школы атомной и тепловой энергетики</p><p>195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin Sergeevich Kalmykov, assistant of the Higher School of Nuclear and Heat Power Engineering (postgraduate student)</p><p>195251, St. Petersburg, Politekhnicheskaya st., 29</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kalmykov_ks@spbstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аникина</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anikina</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аникина Ирина Дмитриевна, доцент Высшей школы атомной и тепловой энергетики</p><p>195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Dmitrievna  Anikina, assistant professor of the Higher School of Nuclear and Heat Power Engineerin</p><p>195251, St. Petersburg, Politekhnicheskaya st., 29</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трещёв</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Treshchev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трещёв Дмитрий Алексеевич, старший преподаватель Высшей школы атомной и тепловой энергетики</p><p>195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy Alekseevich Treshchev, senior lecturer of the Higher School of Nuclear and Heat Power Engineering (postgraduate student)</p><p>195251, St. Petersburg, Politekhnicheskaya st., 29</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колбанцева</surname><given-names>Д. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolbantseva</surname><given-names>D. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колбанцева Дарья Львовна, старший преподаватель Высшей школы атомной и тепловой энергетики</p><p>195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria Lvovna Kolbantseva, senior lecturer of the Higher School of Nuclear and Heat Power Engineering (postgraduate student)</p><p>195251, St. Petersburg, Politekhnicheskaya st., 29</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трещёва</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Treshcheva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трещёва Милана Алексеевна, доцент Высшей школы атомной и тепловой энергетики</p><p>195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Milana Alekseevna Treshcheva, assistant professor of the Higher School of Nuclear and Heat Power Engineering</p><p>195251, St. Petersburg, Politekhnicheskaya st., 29</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Владимиров</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vladimirov</surname><given-names>Ya. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимиров Ярослав Александрович, доцент Высшей школы атомной и тепловой энергетики</p><p>195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Iaroslav Alexandrovich  Vladimirov, assistant professor of the Higher School of Nuclear and Heat Power Engineering</p><p>195251, St. Petersburg, Politekhnicheskaya st., 29</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравченко</surname><given-names>С. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravchenko</surname><given-names>S. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кравченко София Олесьевна, инженер Высшей школы атомной и тепловой энергетики</p><p>195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sophia Olesyevna Kravchenko, engineer of the Higher School of Nuclear and Heat Power Engineerin</p><p>195251, St. Petersburg, Politekhnicheskaya st., 29</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирончу</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironchuk</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мирончу Марк Павлович, инженер Высшей школы атомной и тепловой энергетики</p><p>195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mark Pavlovich Mironchuk, engineer of the Higher School of Nuclear and Heat Power Engineerin</p><p>195251, St. Petersburg, Politekhnicheskaya st., 29</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>116</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2688">https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2688</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследование посвящено переводу тепловых электростанций с когенерационного на комбинированное производство теплоты, электричества и водорода методом паровой конверсии метана.</p><p>Актуальность работы обусловлена необходимостью корректного распределения затрат топлива между принципиально разнородными продуктами в мультигенерационных энергетических системах с целью оптими­зации и определения режимов загрузки оборудования.</p><p>К методам исследования относятся анализ и синтез знаний о существующей методике расчёта удельных расходов условного топлива и материально-энергетических балансах тепловых электростанций и установок па­ровой конверсии метана (УПКМ), а также имитационное моделирование тепловой схемы паросиловой электро­станции в программе «United Cycle».</p><p>Доработана существующая методика расчёта удельных расходов условного топлива для оценки технико­экономических показателей при комбинированном производстве трех продуктов. Методика была апробирована  на примере Северной ТЭЦ-21 (г. Санкт-Петербург) с использованием цифрового двойника.</p><p>Результаты показывают повышение энергетической эффективности при комбинированном производстве: рост коэффициента использования теплоты топлива на 0,10-0,43% и снижение суммарного расхода топлива при сохранении объемов продукции. Интеграция УПКМ позволяет снизить тепловую мощность её печи на 28% и уменьшить потери в конденсаторах турбин. Эффективность интеграции зависит от сезонного режима работы станции и масштаба производства водорода. Предложенная методика и инструменты цифрового моделирования позволяют проводить технико-экономический анализ и оптимизацию режимов работы энерготехнологических комплексов, обеспечивая научно обоснованный выбор параметров интеграции для конкретных условий эксплу­атации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study is devoted to the conversion of thermal power plants from cogeneration to combined production of heat, electricity and hydrogen using the method of methane steam reforming.</p><p>The relevance of the work is due to the need for correct distribution of fuel costs between fundamentally different products in multi-generation energy systems in order to optimize and determine equipment loading modes.</p><p>The research methods include the analysis and synthesis of knowledge about the existing methodology for calculat­ing specific fuel consumption and material and energy balances of thermal power plants and methane steam reforming units (MSRU), as well as simulation modeling of the thermal circuit of a steam power plant in the program «United Cycle».</p><p>The existing methodology for calculating specific fuel consumption has been improved to assess technical and economic indicators for the combined production of three products. The methodology was tested on the example of Severnaya TPP-21 (St. Petersburg) using a digital twin of the plant.</p><p>The results show an increase in energy efficiency: an increase in the fuel heat utilization factor by 0,10-0,43% and a decrease in total fuel consumption while maintaining production volumes. The integration of the MSRU allows for a decrease in the thermal power of its furnace by 28% and a reduction in losses in condensers. The efficiency of integration depends on the seasonal operating mode of the station and the scale of hydrogen production. The proposed methodology and digital modeling tools allow for technical and economic analysis and optimization of operating modes of energy technology complexes, ensuring a scientifically sound choice of integration parameters for specific operating conditions</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>производство водорода</kwd><kwd>паровая конверсия метана</kwd><kwd>тепловая электростанция</kwd><kwd>теплоэлектроцентраль</kwd><kwd>цифровой двойник.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hydrogen production</kwd><kwd>methane steam reforming</kwd><kwd>thermal power plant</kwd><kwd>combined heat and power plant</kwd><kwd>digital twin</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование профинансировано Министерством науки и высшего образования РФ в рамках Программы стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет-2030» (соглашение 075-15-2025-210 от 04 апреля 2025 г.)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Распоряжение правительства Российской Федерации от 12.04.2025 г. № 908-р об утверждении Энергетической стратегии Российской Федерации на период до 2050 года [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://minenergo.gov.ru/upload/iblock/d6a/Energostrategiya-RF-do-2050-goda.pdf (Дата обращения: 17.07.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 908-r dated April 12, 2025, on the approval of the Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2050 [Electronic resource] URL: https://minenergo.gov.ru/upload/iblock/d6a/Energostrategiya-RF-do-2050-goda.pdf (Accessed: 17.07.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Распоряжение Правительства Российской Федерации от 05.08.2021 № 2162-р «Об утверждении Концепции развития водородной энергетики в Российской Федерации» [Электронный ресурс] URL: http://static.government.ru/media/files/5JFns1CDAKqYKzZ0mnRADAw2NqcVsexl.pdf (Дата обращения: 17.07.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 2162-r dated 05.08.2021 “On Approval of the Concept for the Development of Hydrogen Energy in the Russian Federation” [Electronic resource] URL: http://static.government.ru/media/files/5JFns1CDAKqYKzZ0mnRADAw2NqcVsexl.pdf (Accessed: 17.07.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 28.02.2024 № 145 «О Стратегии научно-технологического развития Российской Федерации» [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://mchs.gov.ru/uploads/document/2025-06-09/45be581bad89594daf8ff94dd ec71177.pdf (Дата обращения: 17.07.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 145 dated February 28, 2024, “On the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation” [Electronic resource] URL: https://mchs.gov.ru/uploads/document/2025-06-09/45be581bad89594daf8ff94ddec71177.pdf (Accessed: 17.07.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gang Wang. 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