alternativeАльтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)1608-8298Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс10.15518/isjaee.2025.09.075-090alternative-2716Research ArticleI. ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМАЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИКА. 7. Нетрадиционные источники возобновляемой энергии. 7-16-0-0 Термоградиентная энергетикаI. RENEWABLE ENERGY. 7. Unconventional sources of renewed energy. 7-16-0-0 Thermogradient energyАнизотропия транспортных свойств и микроструктура термоэлектрических композитов Bi0,5Sb1,5Tе3 с включениями восстановленного оксида графенаAnisotropy of transport properties and microstructure of Bi0,5Sb1,5Te3 thermoelectric composites with reduced graphene oxide inclusionshttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-6380-155XПавловА. А.PavlovA. A.

Павлов Александр Алексеевич, аспирант кафедры экспериментальной и теоретической физики

308015, г. Белгород, ул. Победы, 85 

Pavlov Alexander Alekseevich, Postgraduate student at the Department of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

308015, Belgorod, Pobedy street, 85

ЖуйВанRuiWang

Жуй Ван, аспирант кафедры экспериментальной и теоретической физики

308015, г. Белгород, ул. Победы, 85 

Rui Wang, Postgraduate student at the Department of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

308015, Belgorod, Pobedy street, 85

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8791-8102ЯпрынцевМ. Н.YapryntsevM. N.

Япрынцев Максим Николаевич, канд. физ.- мат. наук, доцент кафедры «Материаловедения и нанотехнологий», научный сотрудник Центра коллективного пользования «Технологии и материалы»

308015, г. Белгород, ул. Победы, 85, тел.: +7 999 700 75 30 

Yapryntsev Maxim Nikolaevich, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Research Fellow at the Technologies and Materials Center

308015, Belgorod, Pobedy street, 85, tel.: +7 999 700 75 30 

yaprintsev@bsuedu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1803-5928ИвановО. Н.IvanovO. N.

Иванов Олег Николаевич, доктор физ.- мат. наук, профессор кафедры «Материаловедения и нанотехнологий»

308015, г. Белгород, ул. Победы, 85

Ivanov Oleg Nikolaevich, Doctor of Science in Physics and Mathematics, Professor at the Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology

308015, Belgorod, Pobedy street, 85

Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, НИУ «БелГУ»РоссияBelgorod State National Research University, NRU BELSURussian Federation202512012026097590Copyright © Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 20262026Международный издательский дом научной периодики "СпейсМеждународный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейсhttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2716

Разработка эффективных термоэлектрических материалов для утилизации низкопотенциального бросового тепла является одной из ключевых задач современной энергетики. В рамках данного исследования были получены объемные нанокомпозиты p-типа на основе твердого раствора Bi0,5Sb1,5Te3, армированные нанолистами восстановленного оксида графена (rGO) с концентрациями 1,0; 2,5 и 5,0 масс. %. Методика синтеза включала высокоэнергетический шаровой помол для гомогенизации исходных компонентов и искровое плазменное спекание (ИПС) для быстрой консолидации материалов.Проведена систематическая оценка влияния концентрации наполнителя на эволюцию микроструктуры, фазовый состав и транспортные свойства в температурном диапазоне 300-575 К. Детальный микроструктурный анализ показал, что включения rGO являются химически инертными и равномерно распределены в объеме матрицы. Ключевым результатом стало обнаружение формирования выраженной кристаллографической текстуры в процессе ИПС: двумерные листы rGO стремятся ориентироваться перпендикулярно направлению прессования, что блокирует транспорт носителей заряда вдоль параллельной оси и вызывает существенную анизотропию как электрических, так и тепловых свойств.Измерения эффекта Холла подтвердили, что концентрация дырок остается практически постоянной (порядка 2,0 · 1019 см-3) для всех составов, что исключает эффект легирования. Вместе с тем зафиксировано резкое снижение подвижности носителей заряда (с 267 до 83 см2/В · с), обусловленное их интенсивным рассеянием на некогерентных границах раздела «матрица/наполнитель». С другой стороны, сетка включений rGO эффективно рассеивает фононы, что приводит к значительному снижению общей теплопроводности (до 23% в направлении, параллельном оси прессования, по сравнению с исходным образцом).Несмотря на положительный эффект подавления теплопроводности, падение электропроводности оказало доминирующее влияние на общую эффективность. В результате максимальная безразмерная термоэлектрическая добротность (ZT) композитов оказалась ниже, чем у чистой матрицы (ZTmax ≈ 1,0 при 420 К). Данное исследование подчеркивает критическую важность поиска баланса между механизмами блокировки фононов и транспорта электронов. Сделан вывод о том, что дальнейшие стратегии должны быть сосредоточены на инженерии межфазных границ для сохранения высокой подвижности носителей заряда в термоэлектриках на основе теллурида висмута, армированных углеродом.

The development of efficient thermoelectric materials for low-grade waste heat recovery is a critical challenge in modern energetics. In this study, bulk p-type nanocomposites based on the Bi0,5Sb1,5Te3 solid solution reinforced with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets (concentrations of 1,0; 2,5 and 5,0 wt. %) were successfully fabricated. The synthesis approach combined high-energy ball milling for precursor homogenization and spark plasma sintering (SPS) for rapid consolidation. The impact of filler concentration on the microstructure evolution, phase composition, and transport properties was systematically evaluated in the 300-575 K temperature range.Detailed microstructural analysis revealed that rGO inclusions are chemically inert and uniformly dispersed within the matrix. A key finding is the induction of a strong crystallographic texture during the SPS process: the 2D rGO sheets tend to align perpendicularly to the pressing direction, thereby blocking carrier transport along the parallel axis and inducing significant anisotropy in both electrical and thermal properties. Hall effect measurements confirmed that the hole concentration remained nearly constant (approx. 2,0 · 1019 cm-3) across all compositions, ruling out a doping effect. However, a sharp degradation in carrier mobility (decreasing from 267 to 83 cm2/V · s) was observed, attributed to severe scattering of charge carriers at the incoherent matrix/filler interfaces.Conversely, the rGO network proved effective in scattering heat-carrying phonons, leading to a substantial reduction in total thermal conductivity (up to 23% reduction in the parallel direction compared to the pristine sample). Despite this beneficial thermal suppression, the deterioration of the electrical conductivity dominated the overall performance. Consequently, the peak dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) for the composites was lower than that of the unfilled matrix (ZT_max ≈ 1,0 at 420 K). This research highlights the critical trade-off between phonon blocking and electron transmitting mechanisms, suggesting that future strategies must focus on interface engineering to preserve carrier mobility in carbon-reinforced bismuth telluride thermoelectrics.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.