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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">alternative</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Альтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-8298</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15518/isjaee.2026.01.012-024</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">alternative-2764</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМАЯ  ЭНЕРГЕТИКА, СОЛНЕЧНАЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RENEWABLE ENERGY, SOLAR ENERGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальное исследование солнечного опреснителя воды с вытеснительно-аккумулирующими элементами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental study of a solar water desalinizer  with displacement-storage elements</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мола</surname><given-names>А. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mola</surname><given-names>A. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мола Ахмед Хуссейн, аспирант, инженер-исследователь кафедры «Атомные станции и возобновляемые источники энергии»</p><p>620062, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mola Akhmed Khusseyn, PhD student, research Engineer of the Department of Nuclear Power Plants and Renewable Energy Sources </p><p>620062, Russia, Yekaterinburg, Mira st., 19</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щеклеин</surname><given-names>С. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcheklein</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щеклеин Сергей Евгеньевич, Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина, заведующий кафедрой «Атомные станции и возобновляемые источники энергии»</p><p>620062, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shcheklein Sergey Evgenievich, Head of the Department of Nuclear Power Plants and Renewable Energy Sources. Doctor of technical science, professor</p><p>620062, Russia, Yekaterinburg, Mira st., 19</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.e.shcheklein@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский федеральный университет имени первого президента России Б. Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2764">https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2764</self-uri><abstract><p>На нашей планете несмотря на то, что 70 % поверхности Земли покрыто водой, пресная вода составляет 2,5 % от всего объема воды, а 97,5 % – это минерализованная морская вода. Непосредственное использование морской воды в качестве питьевой, а также для сельскохозяйственных и промышленных нужд невозможно, однако существует множество стран, полагающихся на морскую воду после процесса опреснения, как на источник питьевой воды. Среднесуточное производство питьевой воды в ходе традиционного процесса опреснения во всем мире составляет 23 · 106 м3. Этот процесс требует большого количества ископаемого топлива. По оценкам, для производства 1 миллиона кубометров питьевой воды в сутки необходимо ежегодно сжигать около 10 миллионов тонн нефти, что приводит к дополнительной «карбонизации» атмосферы и способствуют развитию парникового эффекта и последующему изменению климата планеты.</p><p>Энергетические и опреснительные системы будущего должны быть экономичными, надежными и безопасными, обеспечивать максимальную непрерывность энергоснабжения потребителей во всех регионах, особенно в отдаленных и сельских районах. Это может быть достигнуто путем развития энергетических систем на основе возобновляемых, в первую очередь, солнечных источников энергии.</p><p>В настоящее время наиболее распространенным, массовым типом солнечных опреснительных установок в развивающихся странах остаются односкатные солнечные опреснители с прямым нагревом воды солнечным светом, имеющие наибольшую доступность вследствие минимальной стоимости конструкции.</p><p>Однако производительность пресной воды традиционных систем испарительного солнечного опреснения невелика и не превышает даже в странах с высоким уровнем солнечной инсоляции 2-3 литров с одного квадратного метра в сутки, что во многом определяется высокой прозрачностью воды (низким коэффициентом черноты) для фотонов солнечного спектра.</p><p>В связи с желанием повысить эффективность систем солнечного опреснения в мире ведутся научные исследования и выполняются инженерные разработки новых принципов и конструкций солнечных опреснителей, основанных на использовании теплоносителей с добавками наночастиц, использовании систем обратного осмоса, систем ориентации на солнце, ротационных и пленочных методов интенсификации испарения, применением гибридных схем, в частности, с использованием тепла, вырабатываемого ядерными реакторами. Очевидно, что такие пути совершенствования и повышения производительности солнечных опреснителей приводят к значительному повышению их стоимости и снижают доступность к опресненной воде многих миллионов жителей стран Африки и Среднего Востока.</p><p>В данном исследовании предлагается метод повышения продуктивности солнечного дистиллятора для получения пресной воды путем преобразования оптического взаимодействия фотонов солнечного света с испаряемой водой увеличением ассимиляции энергии фотонов повышением «эффективной степени черноты» испарительного бассейна путем помещения в него уральских камней черного цвета (дунит) в качестве поглотителей и аккумуляторов энергии фотонов, что позволяет радикально повысить температуру и скорость испарения воды без значительного повышения стоимости установки.</p><p>В одинаковых климатических условиях исследованы три системы солнечного опреснения: традиционный односкатный солнечный дистиллятор (ТСД), дистиллятор с добавкой 10 кг камней (ТСДК-10) и дистиллятор с добавкой 20 кг камней (ТСДК-20). При постоянном уровне воды добавление камней уменьшило её массу в бассейне и повысило «эффективную степень черноты» испарительного бассейна, что значительно увеличило опреснительную производительность. Суммарный суточный объем опресненной воды составил для традиционного односкатного солнечного дистиллятора (ТСД) – 3 л/м², дистиллятора с добавкой 10 кг камней (ТСДК-10) – 6 л/м², и дистиллятора с добавкой 20 кг камней (ТСДК-20) – 12 л/м².</p><p>Уменьшение объема воды и увеличение «эффективной степени черноты» испарительного бассейна существенно повышает эффективность солнечного дистиллятора при минимальном изменении конструкции и повышении стоимости установки.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>On our planet, despite the fact that 70 % of the Earth's surface is covered with water, fresh water accounts for only 2,5 % of the total water volume, while 97,5 % is composed of mineralized seawater. While it is not possible to directly use seawater for drinking, agricultural, or industrial purposes, there are numerous countries that rely on seawater after the desalination process as a source of drinking water. The global average daily production of drinking water through traditional desalination processes is estimated to be 23 · 106 m3. This process requires a large amount of fossil fuel. It is estimated that it takes about 10 million tons of oil to produce 1 million cubic meters of drinking water per day, which leads to additional carbonization of the atmosphere and contributes to the greenhouse effect and subsequent climate change.</p><p>The energy and desalination systems of the future must be economical, reliable and safe, ensuring maximum continuity of energy supply to consumers in all regions, especially in remote and rural areas. This can be achieved by developing energy systems based on renewable, primarily solar energy sources.</p><p>Currently, the most widespread, mass type of solar desalination plants in developing countries remain single-sloped solar desalination plants with direct heating of water by sunlight, which have the greatest availability due to the minimum cost of construction.</p><p>However, the freshwater production of traditional evaporative solar desalination systems is low, and even in countries with high levels of solar insolation, it does not exceed 2-3 liters per square meter per day, which is largely due to the high transparency of water (low blackbody coefficient) for photons in the solar spectrum.</p><p>In order to improve the efficiency of solar desalination systems, scientific research and engineering development of new principles and designs for solar desalination plants based on the use of heat carriers with nanoparticle additives, reverse osmosis systems, solar orientation systems, rotational and film methods for intensifying evaporation, and the use of hybrid systems, including those using heat generated by nuclear reactors, are being conducted. It is clear that such improvements and increased productivity of solar desalination plants lead to a significant increase in their cost and reduce the availability of desalinated water for millions of people in Africa and the Middle East.</p><p>This study proposes a method for increasing the productivity of a solar distiller for producing fresh water by converting the optical interaction of sunlight photons with the evaporating water into increased photon energy assimilation and increased "effective blackness" of the evaporation basin by placing black Ural stones (dunite) in it as photon energy absorbers and accumulators, which can significantly increase the temperature and evaporation rate of the water without significantly increasing the cost of the installation.</p><p>In the same climatic conditions, three solar desalination systems were studied: a traditional single-sloped solar distiller (TSD), a distiller with 10 kg of stones added (TSD-10), and a distiller with 20 kg of stones added (TSD-20). With a constant water level, adding stones reduced the mass of water in the pool and increased the «effective blackness» of the evaporation pool, significantly increasing the desalination capacity. The total daily volume of desalinated water was 3 L/m² for a traditional single-sloped solar distiller (TSD), 6 L/m² for a distiller with 10 kg of stones (TSDK-10), and 12 L/m² for a distiller with 20 kg of stones (TSDK-20).</p><p> Reducing the volume of water and increasing the «effective blackness» of the evaporation basin significantly improves the efficiency of the solar distiller with minimal design changes and increased installation costs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>солнечная энергия</kwd><kwd>уральский камень</kwd><kwd>масса воды</kwd><kwd>степень черноты</kwd><kwd>теплоемкость</kwd><kwd>климат</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>solar energy</kwd><kwd>Ural stone</kwd><kwd>water mass</kwd><kwd>blackness degree</kwd><kwd>heat capacity</kwd><kwd>climate</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naghavi Sanjani M. 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