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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">alternative</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Альтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-8298</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15518/isjaee.2026.02.034-047</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">alternative-2779</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>XXIII. ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ФИЗИКА ЭНЕРГИИ 42-3-0-0 Теория эксергетического поля (Exergic Field Theory, EFT). Тензорная структура эксергетического поля, уравнения движения, эксергетические инварианты, фундаментальные следствия 42-7-0-0 Энергетические и эксергетические инварианты физических систем. Устойчивые состояния, слоистые структуры, самоорганизация, энергетические критерии устойчивости 42-10-0-0 Математические методы теоретической физики энергии. Тензорный анализ, вариационные методы, нелинейные уравнения, численные решения, симметрии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>XXIII. FUNDAMENTAL THEORETICAL PHYSICS OF ENERGY 42-3-0-0 Exergic Field Theory (EFT) Tensor structure of the exergic field, equations of motion, exergic invariants, fundamental implications 42-7-0-0 Energetic and Exergic Invariants of Physical Systems Stable states, layered structures, self organization, energetic criteria of stability 42-10-0-0 Mathematical Methods of Theoretical Physics of Energy. Tensor analysis, variational methods, nonlinear equations, numerical solutions, symmetries.</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Физика критических переходов в сверхкритических флюидах: вариационная теория, параметр порядка и эксергетический инвариант Гусева</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Physics of Critical Transitions in Supercritical Fluids: Variational Theory, Order Parameter, and the Gusev Exergetic Invariant</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3920-7389</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусев</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusev</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Леонидович Гусев – крупный учёный в области альтернативной энергетики и экологии, советский и российский военный инженер‑конструктор и испытатель новейших образцов ракетной, космической и атомной техники. Основатель, учредитель и главный редактор Международного научного журнала «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» (ISJAEE)</p><p>85310, Черногория, Будва, Ядранский путь, д. BB</p><p>8230, Евросоюз, Болгария, г. Несебр, здание Афродита Палас, 1 этаж</p><p>452613, Республика Башкортостан, г. Октябрьский, ул. Юности, д. 18, ком. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander Leonidovich Gusev is a prominent scientist in the fields of alternative energy and ecology, a former Soviet and Russian military design engineer and test specialist for advanced missile, space, and nuclear technologies. He is the founder and Editor-in-Chief of the International Scientific Journal for Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)</p><p>85310, Crna Gora, Budva, Jadransky Put, BB</p><p>8230, European Union, Bulgaria, Nessebar, Aphrodite Palace building, 1st floor</p><p>452613, Republic of Bashkortostan, Oktyabrsky, Yunosti Street, 18, room 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ferdalex07@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Fermaltech Montengro Limited; Фермалтех Лимитед; Институт водородной экономики</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Fermaltech Montengro Limited; Farmaltech Limited; Institute of Hydrogen Economy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2779">https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2779</self-uri><abstract><p>Предложена фундаментальная теория критических режимных переходов в сверхкритических флюидах, основанная на вариационном принципе минимизации термодинамических необратимостей. Показано, что стационарные температурные профили описываются уравнением Эйлера-Лагранжа, из которого естественным образом возникает универсальный эксергетический инвариант:</p><p>Этот инвариант играет роль управляющего параметра, полностью определяющего структуру режимных переходов EHT → Plateau → DHT. Показано, что безразмерная температура (θ) выступает параметром порядка, а функционал необратимостей эквивалентен функционалу Ландау-Гинзбурга. Выведены критические индексы β = 1/2, γ = 1, δ = 3, совпадающие с классическими значениями теории Ландау. Установлена масштабная инвариантность и ренормгрупповая структура режимных переходов, включая существование критической фиксированной точки Ξcr. Показано, что критические свойства универсальны и не зависят от природы вещества.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A fundamental theory of critical regime transitions in supercritical fluids is proposed, based on the variational principle of minimizing thermodynamic irreversibilities. It is shown that stationary temperature profiles are described by the Euler–Lagrange equation, from which a universal exergetic invariant naturally emerges:</p><p>This invariant plays the role of a control parameter that fully determines the structure of the regime transitions EHT → Plateau → DHT. It is demonstrated that the dimensionless temperature (θ) to the Landau-Ginzburg functional. The critical exponents β = 1/2, γ = 1, δ = 3 are derived and coincide with the classical Landau mean-field values. Scale invariance and the renormalization-group structure of the regime transitions are established, including the existence of a critical fixed point Ξcr. It is shown that the critical properties are universal and do not depend on the nature of the working fluid.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сверхкритические флюиды</kwd><kwd>критические режимные переходы</kwd><kwd>эксергетический инвариант</kwd><kwd>вариационный принцип</kwd><kwd>уравнение Эйлера-Лагранжа</kwd><kwd>параметр порядка</kwd><kwd>функционал Ландау-Гинзбурга</kwd><kwd>критические индексы</kwd><kwd>масштабная инвариантность</kwd><kwd>ренормгрупповой анализ</kwd><kwd>фиксированная точка</kwd><kwd>нелинейная термодинамика</kwd><kwd>режимы теплообмена (EHT</kwd><kwd>Plateau</kwd><kwd>DHT)</kwd><kwd>универсальные свойства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>supercritical fluids</kwd><kwd>critical transitions</kwd><kwd>exergetic invariant</kwd><kwd>variational principle</kwd><kwd>Euler-Lagrange equation</kwd><kwd>order parameter</kwd><kwd>Landau-Ginzburg functional</kwd><kwd>critical exponents</kwd><kwd>scale invariance</kwd><kwd>renormalization group</kwd><kwd>fixed point</kwd><kwd>nonlinear thermodynamics</kwd><kwd>heat transfer regimes (EHT</kwd><kwd>Plateau</kwd><kwd>DHT)</kwd><kwd>universal behavior</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. 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