alternativeАльтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)1608-8298Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс10.15518/isjaee.2026.02.066-077alternative-2781Research ArticleXXIII. ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ФИЗИКА ЭНЕРГИИ 42-11-0-0 Эксергетические критерии эффективности и устойчивости инженерных систем. Связь фундаментальной эксергетики с альтернативной энергетикой, экологией, водородными и космическими технологиямиXXIII. FUNDAMENTAL THEORETICAL PHYSICS OF ENERGY 2-11-0-0 Exergic Criteria of Efficiency and Stability in Engineering Systems. Links between fundamental exergy theory and alternative energy, ecology, hydrogen technologies, and space engineeringУниверсальный режимный критерий для сверхкритического теплообмена: критерий ГусеваUniversal regime criterion for supercritical heat transfer: Gusev criterionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3920-7389ГусевА. Л.GusevA. L.

Александр Леонидович Гусев – крупный учёный в области альтернативной энергетики и экологии, советский и российский военный инженер‑конструктор и испытатель новейших образцов ракетной, космической и атомной техники. Основатель, учредитель и главный редактор Международного научного журнала «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» (ISJAEE)

85310, Черногория, Будва, Ядранский путь, д. BB

8230, Евросоюз, Болгария, г. Несебр, здание Афродита Палас, 1 этаж

452613, Республика Башкортостан, г. Октябрьский, ул. Юности, д. 18, ком. 1

Alexander Leonidovich Gusev is a prominent scientist in the fields of alternative energy and ecology, a former Soviet and Russian military design engineer and test specialist for advanced missile, space, and nuclear technologies. He is the founder and Editor-in-Chief of the International Scientific Journal for Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)

85310, Crna Gora, Budva, Jadransky Put, BB

8230, European Union, Bulgaria, Nessebar, Aphrodite Palace building, 1st floor

452613, Republic of Bashkortostan, Oktyabrsky, Yunosti Street, 18, room 1

ferdalex07@gmail.comFermaltech Montengro Limited; Фермалтех Лимитед; Институт водородной экономикиРоссияFermaltech Montengro Limited; Farmaltech Limited; Institute of Hydrogen EconomyRussian Federation202613052026026677Copyright © Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 20262026Международный издательский дом научной периодики "СпейсМеждународный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейсhttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2781

Сверхкритический теплообмен играет ключевую роль в водородных энергетических системах, сверхкритических CO₂-циклах (sCO₂), реакторах метанового крекинга для безуглеродного производства водорода, а также в высокотемпературных процессах с углеводородными жидкостями. В окрестности псевдокритической температуры жидкости и газы демонстрируют резкие нелинейные изменения теплоёмкости, плотности и вязкости, что приводит к формированию улучшенного, плато и ухудшенного режимов теплообмена. Классические безразмерные критерии (Re, Pr, Nu, Pe) не способны предсказать эти переходы, поскольку не учитывают положение температуры стенки относительно псевдокритической области и локальные эксергетические потери.

А.  Л.  Гусев разработал новый режимный критерий, позднее получивший название критерия Гусева благодаря исследованиям в области сверхкритических углеводородных систем. Этот критерий обеспечивает универсальное, локальное и термодинамически обоснованное описание режимов сверхкритического теплообмена и применим к любым жидкостям и газам, обладающим критической точкой.

Критерий основан на результатах исследований автора в области эксергетического анализа, ведущихся с 1979 года и развивавшихся в направлении сверхкритических процессов в 2005-2025 гг.

Критерий Гусева является итогом многолетнего развития эксергетического подхода, которым автор занимается с 1979 года, и представляет собой завершённую универсальную модель сверхкритического теплообмена.

Критерий предсказывает переходы между режимами, локальные максимумы температуры стенки и зоны ухудшенного теплообмена. Он корректно работает для водорода, CO₂, метана, углеводородных жидкостей, многокомпонентных смесей и реакционно-активных сред. Критерий Гусева может быть интегрирован в CFDмодели и цифровые двойники энергетических систем.

Supercritical heat transfer plays a key role in hydrogen energy systems, supercritical CO₂ (sCO₂) cycles, methane-cracking reactors for carbon-free hydrogen production, as well as in high-temperature processes involving hydrocarbon liquids. In the vicinity of the pseudocritical temperature, fluids exhibit sharp nonlinear variations in heat capacity, density, and viscosity, which lead to the formation of enhanced, plateau, and deteriorated heat-transfer regimes. Classical dimensionless criteria (Re, Pr, Nu, Pe) are unable to predict these transitions because they do not account for the position of the wall temperature relative to the pseudocritical region and the associated local exergy losses.

A new regime criterion was developed by A. L. Gusev and later became known as the Gusev criterion due to its successful application in studies of supercritical hydrocarbon systems. This criterion provides a universal, local, and thermodynamically grounded description of supercritical heat-transfer regimes and is applicable to any fluid possessing a critical point.

The criterion is based on the author’s long-term research in exergy analysis, initiated in 1979 and further developed in the context of supercritical processes during 2005-2025. The Gusev criterion represents the culmination of decades of advancement in the exergy-based approach and constitutes a complete universal model of supercritical heat transfer.

The criterion predicts regime transitions, local wall-temperature maxima, and zones of deteriorated heat transfer. It performs correctly for hydrogen, CO₂, methane, hydrocarbon liquids, multicomponent mixtures, and reactive media. The Gusev criterion can be integrated into CFD models and digital twins of energy systems.

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V., Lyashenko, L. V. & Rozhkova, E. V. Hydrogen sensor for cryogenic vacuum objects // Hydrogen Materials Science and Chemistry of Metal Hydrides. – 2002; 41-47.. Gusev, A. L., Belousov, V. M., Bacherikova, I. V., Lyashenko, L. V. & Rozhkova, E. V. Hydrogen sensor for cryogenic vacuum objects // Hydrogen Materials Science and Chemistry of Metal Hydrides. – 2002; 41-47.. Gusev, A. L., Jabbarov, T. G., Mamedov, Sh. G., Malikov, R., Hajibalaev, N. M. et al. Production of hydrogen and carbon in the petrochemical industry by cracking of hydrocarbons in the process of heat utilization in steel production // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2023; 48(40):14954-14963.. Gusev, A. L., Jabbarov, T. G., Mamedov, Sh. G., Malikov, R., Hajibalaev, N. M. et al. Production of hydrogen and carbon in the petrochemical industry by cracking of hydrocarbons in the process of heat utilization in steel production // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2023; 48(40):14954-14963.. Nechaev, Y. S., Gusev, A. L., Gupta, B. K., Srivastava, O. N. & Veziroglu, T. N. On the experimental and theoretical basis developing a «super» hydrogen adsorbent. Transactions of the International Conference «Solid State Hydrogen Storage». – 2005; 40.. Nechaev, Y. S., Gusev, A. L., Gupta, B. K., Srivastava, O. N. & Veziroglu, T. N. On the experimental and theoretical basis developing a «super» hydrogen adsorbent. Transactions of the International Conference «Solid State Hydrogen Storage». – 2005; 40.. Ufa, A. S., Malkova, Y. Y., Gusev, A. L., Ruban, N. Y. & Vasilev, A. S. Algorithm for optimal pairing of RES and hydrogen energy storage systems // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2021; 33659-33669.. Ufa, A. S., Malkova, Y. Y., Gusev, A. L., Ruban, N. Y. & Vasilev, A. S. Algorithm for optimal pairing of RES and hydrogen energy storage systems // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2021; 33659-33669.. Ufa, A. S., Vasilev, A. S., Gusev, A. L., Malkova, Y. Y. et al. Analysis of the influence of the current-voltage characteristics of voltage rectifiers on the static characteristics of hydrogen electrolyzer load // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2021; 33670-33678.. Ufa, A. S., Vasilev, A. S., Gusev, A. L., Malkova, Y. Y. et al. Analysis of the influence of the current-voltage characteristics of voltage rectifiers on the static characteristics of hydrogen electrolyzer load // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2021; 33670-33678.. Zhiznin, S. Z., Timokhov, V. M. & Gusev, A. L. Economic aspects of nuclear and hydrogen energy in the world and Russia // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2020; 45(56):31353-31366.. Zhiznin, S. Z., Timokhov, V. M. & Gusev, A. L. Economic aspects of nuclear and hydrogen energy in the world and Russia // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2020; 45(56):31353-31366.. Zhiznin, S. Z., Vassilev, S. & Gusev, A. L. Economics of secondary renewable energy sources with hydrogen generation // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2019; 44(23):11385-11393.. Zhiznin, S. Z., Vassilev, S. & Gusev, A. L. Economics of secondary renewable energy sources with hydrogen generation // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2019; 44(23):11385-11393.. Zhiznin, S. Z., Timokhov, V. M. & Gusev, A. L. Economics of hydrogen energy of green transition in the world and Russia. Part I // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2023; 48(57):21544-21567.. Zhiznin, S. Z., Timokhov, V. M. & Gusev, A. L. Economics of hydrogen energy of green transition in the world and Russia. Part I // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2023; 48(57):21544-21567.. Gusev, A. L. & Kazaryan, M. A. Hydrogen storage // Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE). – 2007; 4.. Gusev, A. L. & Kazaryan, M. A. Hydrogen storage // Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE). – 2007; 4.. Goltsov, V. A., Veziroglu, T. N., Goltsova, L. F. & Gusev, A. L. Up-to-day status of hydrogen economy and hydrogen vehicles: economy, techniques, infrastructure // Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE). – 2003; 18-19.. Goltsov, V. A., Veziroglu, T. N., Goltsova, L. F. & Gusev, A. L. Up-to-day status of hydrogen economy and hydrogen vehicles: economy, techniques, infrastructure // Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE). – 2003; 18-19.. Shalimov, Yu. N., Korol’kova, V. I., Budnik, A. P. & Gusev, A. L. Analysis of patents for airplane power units // Vestnik Mashinostroeniya. – 2019; 81-88.. Shalimov, Yu. N., Korol’kova, V. I., Budnik, A. P. & Gusev, A. L. Analysis of patents for airplane power units // Vestnik Mashinostroeniya. – 2019; 81-88.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.