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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">alternative</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Альтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-8298</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15518/isjaee.2026.03.176-202</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">alternative-2795</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>IV. ВОДОРОДНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА. 12 Водородная экономика. 12-2-0-0 Безопасность водородной энергетики</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Концепция водородного города будущего</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The concept of a future hydrogen city</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7229-412X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марьин</surname><given-names>Г. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marin</surname><given-names>G. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марьин Георгий Евгеньевич, канд. техн. наук., доцент </p><p>109028, г. Москва, Покровский бульвар, д. 11</p><p>420066, Казань, ул. Красносельская, 51</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57213835443 Research ID: AGS-9168-2022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marin George Evgenievich, PhD in Engineering, Associate Professor </p><p>109028, Moscow, Pokrovsky Boulevard, 11</p><p>420066, Kazan, Krasnoselskaya Street, 51</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57213835443 Research ID: AGS-9168-2022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">george64199@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2921-4603</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверева</surname><given-names>Э. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zvereva</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зверева Эльвира Рафиковна, Профессор, доктор техн. наук</p><p>109028, г. Москва, Покровский бульвар, д. 11</p><p>420066, Казань, ул. Красносельская, 51</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 35218590700 Research ID: A-9651-2016</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zvereva Elvira Rafikovna, Professor, Doctor of Engineering Sciences</p><p>109028, Moscow, Pokrovsky Boulevard, 11</p><p>420066, Kazan, Krasnoselskaya Street, 51</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 35218590700 Research ID: A-9651-2016</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5183-3040</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Илюшин</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novoselova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илюшин Павел Владимирович, доктор техн. наук, руководитель Центра интеллектуальных электроэнергетических систем и распределенной энергетики </p><p>117186, г. Москва, ул. Нагорная, 31, корп. 2 </p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55455903000 Research ID: P-3799-2017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilyushin Pavel Vladimirovich, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Head of the Center for Intelligent Power Systems and Distributed Energy</p><p>117186, Moscow, Nagornaya Street, 31, Building 2 </p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55455903000 Research ID: P-3799-2017</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7761</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахметшин</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmetshin</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахметшин Азат Ринатович,</p><p>420066, Казань, ул. Красносельская, 51</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57211796456 Research ID: AGM-7165-2022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Akhmetshin Azat Rinatovich, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor</p><p>420066, Kazan, Krasnoselskaya Street, 51</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57211796456 Research ID: AGM-7165-2022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0251-4269</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новоселова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novoselova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новоселова Марина Сергеевна, аспирант</p><p>420066, Казань, ул. Красносельская, 51</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57739683300 Research ID: KUD-6205-2024</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novoselova Marina Sergeevna, Postgraduate Student</p><p>420066, Kazan, Krasnoselskaya Street, 51</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57739683300 Research ID: KUD-6205-2024</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»;  Казанский государственный энергетический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics; Kazan State Power Engineering University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт энергетических исследований Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Energy Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский государственный энергетический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Power Engineering University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>176</fpage><lpage>202</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2795">https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2795</self-uri><abstract><p>Для создания количественной модели энергоснабжения «водородного города» в качестве базы выбран город Иннополис, расположенный в Республике Татарстан. Этот молодой населённый пункт справедливо считать уникальной экспериментальной площадкой для отработки низкоуглеродных решений благодаря совокупности трёх факторов. Фактор первый: строительство велось на незастроенной территории, поэтому здесь отсутствует старая, физически изношенная инфраструктура. Фактор второй: в городе функционирует центр обработки данных крупной госкорпорации, который в круглосуточном режиме потребляет 20 МВт (в эту величину включено также энергопотребление систем охлаждения и источников бесперебойного питания). Фактор третий: климатические условия относятся к континентальному типу, что делает Иннополис репрезентативной моделью для большинства регионов России, а также для стран Восточной Европы и североамериканского континента.</p><p>Разработанная гибридная схема должна заменить действующую систему электроснабжения. Её структура включает следующие элементы: фотоэлектрические установки суммарной мощностью 36,6 МВт (их предполагается монтировать на кровлях и фасадах зданий, на автомобильных навесах, а также на свободных от застройки земельных участках); ветряную электростанцию на 12 МВт; электролизную систему типа PEM производительностью 10 МВт; ёмкость для аккумулирования водорода; батарею топливных элементов мощностью 10 МВт; парогазовую энергоустановку на 25 МВт, в составе которой имеется газовая турбина на 15 МВт с камерой сгорания, приспособленной для работы на топливных смесях с содержанием водорода в диапазоне от 0 до 100 %. Значение электрического КПД данной парогазовой установки при питании метаном равно 56 %, а при переходе на чистый водород – 52 %. В режиме совместной выработки электроэнергии и тепла соответствующие показатели составляют 86 % и 83 %.</p><p>Математическое обеспечение работы представляет собой совокупность дифференциальных уравнений, описывающих баланс энергии. Эта модель учитывает стохастическую природу генерации от возобновляемых источников, кинетику электрохимических реакций внутри электролизёра и термодинамические закономерности парогазового цикла. Достоверность модельных расчётов подтверждена путём верификации на реальных данных об инсоляции, о ветровом режиме, а также на почасовых профилях электрических нагрузок. В ходе экспериментальных замеров выяснилось, что фактические значения удельных нагрузок в 2,1-2,7 раза меньше нормативных, закреплённых в СП 256.1325800.2016. Этот неиспользуемый в настоящее время резерв пропускной способности сетевой инфраструктуры может быть задействован для подключения электролизной установки и зарядных станций без необходимости проведения реконструкции.</p><p>Результаты численного моделирования зафиксировали ярко выраженную сезонную асимметрию. В летние месяцы избыточная выработка возобновляемой энергии достигает величины 26 МВт · ч за сутки, что позволяет производить до 416 килограммов водорода в час. Этот водород накапливается в хранилище для использования  в зимний период. Когда наступает зима и возобновляемой генерации становится недостаточно, парогазовая установка обеспечивает до 65 % суточного объёма потребления. При этом она работает на смеси природного газа с 30-процентной добавкой водорода, что даёт существенное сокращение выбросов углекислого газа.</p><p>Предложенная архитектурная схема служит прототипом углеродно-нейтрального города будущего. Она пригодна для масштабирования на любые населённые пункты, находящиеся в зоне континентального климата и имеющие критически важную ИТ-инфраструктуру. Иннополис здесь выполняет роль «живой лаборатории» – города-прототипа, в котором все составляющие водородной экономики, а именно: производство электроэнергии, теплоснабжение, транспортный сектор, центр обработки данных и жилищно-коммунальное хозяйство, – объединены в единую экосистему. Важно, что эта экосистема создаётся с нуля, без каких-либо затрат на переоборудование существующих коммуникаций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>To create a quantitative model of the energy supply of a «hydrogen city», the city of Innopolis, located in the Republic of Tatarstan, was chosen as the base. This young settlement can rightfully be considered a unique experimental platform for testing low-carbon solutions due to a combination of three factors. Factor one: the construction was carried out on an undeveloped territory, so there is no old, physically worn-out infrastructure. Factor two: the city is home to a data center of a major state-owned corporation, which consumes 20 MW of electricity on a 24/7 basis (this includes the energy consumption of cooling systems and uninterruptible power supplies). The third factor is that the climate is continental, which makes Innopolis a representative model for most regions of Russia, as well as for Eastern European countries and the North American continent.</p><p>The developed hybrid scheme is intended to replace the current power supply system. Its structure includes the following elements: photovoltaic installations with a total capacity of 36,6 MW (they are supposed to be installed on roofs and facades of buildings, on carports, as well as on land plots free of development); a 12 MW wind power plant; a 10 MW PEM type electrolysis system; a hydrogen storage tank; a 10 MW fuel cell battery A 25 MW combined-cycle power plant, which includes a 15 MW gas turbine with a combustion chamber adapted for operation on fuel mixtures with a hydrogen content in the range from 0 to 100 %. The electrical efficiency of this combined cycle plant is 56 % when powered by methane, and 52 % when powered by pure hydrogen. In the mode of combined electricity and heat generation, the corresponding figures are 86 % and 83 %.</p><p>The mathematical support of the work is a set of differential equations describing the energy balance. This model takes into account the stochastic nature of renewable energy generation, the kinetics of electrochemical reactions within the electrolyzer, and the thermodynamic principles of the steam-gas cycle. The accuracy of the model calculations has been verified using real-world data on solar radiation, wind conditions, and hourly electricity load profiles. During the experimental measurements, it was found that the actual values of the specific loads are 2,1-2,7 times lower than the regulatory values specified in SP 256.1325800.2016. This currently unused reserve of network infrastructure capacity can be utilized to connect the electrolyzer and charging stations without the need for reconstruction.</p><p>The results of numerical modeling have revealed a pronounced seasonal asymmetry. During the summer months, the excess production of renewable energy reaches 26 MWh per day, allowing for the production of up to 416 kilograms of hydrogen per hour. This hydrogen is stored for use during the winter. When winter sets in and renewable energy production becomes insufficient, the combined cycle plant provides up to 65 % of the daily consumption. It uses a mixture of natural gas with a 30 % hydrogen additive, which significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions.</p><p>The proposed architectural scheme serves as a prototype for a carbon-neutral city of the future. It is suitable  for scaling to any settlements located in a continental climate zone and having critical IT infrastructure. In this context, Innopolis acts as a «living laboratory» – a prototype city where all the components of the hydrogen economy, including electricity generation, heat supply, transportation, data center, and housing and utilities, are integrated into a single ecosystem. It is important that this ecosystem is being created from scratch, without any costs for re-equipping existing communications.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>зелёный водород</kwd><kwd>парогазовая установка</kwd><kwd>газовая турбина</kwd><kwd>топливный элемент</kwd><kwd>центр обработки данных</kwd><kwd>PEM-электролизер</kwd><kwd>циркулярная экономика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>green hydrogen</kwd><kwd>combined heat and power plant</kwd><kwd>gas turbine</kwd><kwd>fuel cell</kwd><kwd>data center</kwd><kwd>PEM electrolyzer</kwd><kwd>circular economy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Abdalla, A. M., Hossain, S., Nisfindy, O. B., Azad, A. T., Dawood, M., Azad, A. K. 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