alternativeАльтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)1608-8298Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс10.15518/isjaee.2026.06.034-058alternative-2827Research ArticleI. ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМАЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИКА. 8. Энергокомплексы на основе ВИЭI. RENEWABLE ENERGY. 8. Energy of biomassВлияние стратегий droop-управления на устойчивость изолированных энергосистем с интегрированными водородными накопителями энергииImpact of droop control strategies on the stability of isolated power systems with hydrogen energy storage integrationБерняковичЕ. А.BernyakovichE. A.

Бернякович Елена Андреевна, студент отделения электроэнергетики и электротехники Инженерной школы энергетики

634050, Томск, проспект Ленина, 30

Bernyakovich Elena Andreevna, Currently she is a student of School of Energy & Power Engineering

634050, Tomsk, Lenin Avenue, 30

РубанН. Ю.RubanN. Y.

Рубан Николай Юрьевич, кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент отделения электроэнергетики и электротехники Инженерной школы энергетики

634050, Томск, проспект Ленина, 30

Ruban Nikolay Yurevich, Ph.D. Currently he is an Associate professor of School of Energy & Power Engineering

634050, Tomsk, Lenin Avenue, 30

СуворовА. А.SuvorovA. A.

Суворов Алексей Александрович, кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент отделения электроэнергетики и электротехники Инженерной школы энергетики

634050, Томск, проспект Ленина, 30

Suvorov Aleksey Alexandrovich, Ph.D. Currently he is an Associate professor of School of Energy & Power Engineering

634050, Tomsk, Lenin Avenue, 30

МальковаЯ. Ю.MalkovaY. Y.

Малькова Яна Юрьевна, аспирант, ассистент отделения электроэнергетики и электротехники Инженерной школы энергетики

634050, Томск, проспект Ленина, 30

Malkova Yana Yurevna, Ph.D. Currently she is an Assistant of School of Energy & Power Engineering

634050, Tomsk, Lenin Avenue, 30

ВанХуэйWangHui

Хуэй Ван, кандидат технических наук, профессор Школы электротехники

250100, Цзинань, улица Шанда Наньлу, 27

Hui Wang, Ph.D. Currently she is a Professor of School of Electrical Engineering

250100, China, Jinan, 27 Shanda Nanlu

УфаР. А.UfaR. A.

Уфа Руслан Александрович, кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент отделения электроэнергетики и электротехники Инженерной школы энергетики

634050, Томск, проспект Ленина, 30

Ufa Ruslan Alexandrovich, Ph.D. Currently he is an Associate professor of School of Energy & Power Engineering

634050, Tomsk, Lenin Avenue, 30

hecn@tpu.ruНациональный исследовательский Томский политехнический университетРоссияNational Research Tomsk Polytechnic UniversityRussian FederationШаньдунский университетКитайShandong UniversityChina202608092026063458Copyright © Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 20262026Международный издательский дом научной периодики "СпейсМеждународный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейсhttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/2827

Растущее проникновение возобновляемых источников энергии (RES) в изолированные энергосистемы создает значительные проблемы для стабильности частоты и напряжения из-за отсутствия вращающейся инерции. Водородные системы накопления энергии (HESS) предлагают решение не только для краткосрочной балансировки, но и для сезонного переноса (перераспределения) энергии, однако их динамическое взаимодействие с сетевыми инверторами остается недостаточно изученным. Настоящее исследование направлено на разработку надежных стратегий управления, обеспечивающих стабильную работу гибридных микросетей RES-HESS в различных сетевых условиях и аварийных сценариях.Целью данной работы является оценка эффективности трех стратегий управления, основанных на droop – классическом droop, обратном droop и комбинированном методе с синтетической инерцией – для изолированных энергосистем, использующих HESS. Гипотеза заключается в том, что комбинированный подход с синтетической инерцией обеспечивает лучшие динамические характеристики и запас устойчивости системы, особенно при использовании HESS для сезонного накопления энергии, а адаптивная настройка коэффициентов необходима для учета асимметричной динамики электролизеров и топливных элементов.В среде MATLAB/Simulink и PSAT была разработана математическая модель изолированной микросети, состоящей из RES, HESS (электролизера, хранилища водорода и топливного элемента) и силовых преобразователей. Алгоритмы управления были внедрены и протестированы в нормальном режиме, при ступенчатых изменениях нагрузки, подключении/отключении инверторов и в аварийных сценариях.Ключевые показатели эффективности включали время восстановления, минимальную частоту, отклонение напряжения и анализ устойчивости по малым колебаниям на основе собственных значений. Классическое droop-управление обеспечивает устойчивую работу, но требует тщательной настройки и подвержено ошибкам распределения реактивной мощности в резистивных сетях. Обратное droop-управление улучшает развязку в низковольтных сетях, однако характеризуется более медленными переходными процессами. Комбинированный метод с синтетической инерцией демонстрирует наилучшие результаты, обеспечивая перераспределение активной мощности за 0,7 секунд и поддержание частоты в допустимых пределах (49,84- 50,25 Гц) даже при сильных возмущениях. Кроме того, показано, что HESS может эффективно поглощать летние избытки солнечной энергии для использования зимой, а droop-управление обеспечивает плавные переходы мощности и предотвращает перегрузки.Интеграция HESS с передовыми стратегиями droop-управления значительно повышает устойчивость и надежность изолированных энергосистем. Комбинированный метод с синтетической инерцией рекомендуется для гибридных электроводородных комплексов при условии, что в них реализована адаптивная подстройка коэффициентов в режиме реального времени. Для России такой подход открывает стратегический путь к достижению энергетического суверенитета на отдаленных и изолированных территориях, используя водород в качестве сезонного энергоносителя и сглаживая сезонный дисбаланс между летней солнечной генерацией и зимним спросом.

Impact of droop control strategies on the stability of isolated power systems with hydrogen energy storage integration .The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) into isolated power systems introduces significant challenges to frequency and voltage stability due to the lack of rotational inertia. Hydrogen energy storage systems (HESS) offer a promising solution not only for short-term balancing but also for seasonal energy shifting, yet their dynamic interaction with grid-forming inverters remains underexplored. This study addresses the critical need for robust control strategies that ensure stable operation of hybrid RES-HESS microgrids under various network conditions and fault scenarios.This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of three droop-based control strategies – conventional droop, inverse droop, and a combined method with synthetic inertia – for isolated power systems incorporating HESS. The hypothesis is that the combined synthetic inertia approach provides superior dynamic performance and stability margins, particularly when HESS is used for seasonal energy storage, while adaptive tuning is essential for accommodating the asymmetric response of electrolyzers and fuel cells.A mathematical model of an isolated microgrid comprising RES, HESS (electrolyzer, hydrogen storage, and fuel cell), and power converters was developed in MATLAB/Simulink and PSAT. The control algorithms were implemented and tested under normal operations, load steps, inverter plug-in/outage, and fault conditions. Key performance indicators included settling time, frequency nadir, voltage deviation, and eigenvalue-based small-signal stability analysis.The conventional droop control ensures stable operation but requires careful tuning and suffers from reactive power sharing errors in resistive networks. Inverse droop improves decoupling in low-voltage grids but exhibits slower transient responses. The combined method with synthetic inertia demonstrates the best performance, achieving active power redistribution within 0.7 seconds and maintaining frequency within permissible limits (49.84–50.25 Hz) under severe disturbances. Furthermore, it is shown that HESS can effectively absorb summer solar surplus for winter discharge, with droop control ensuring smooth power transitions and preventing overloads.The integration of HESS with advanced droop control strategies significantly enhances the stability and reliability of isolated power systems. The combined method with synthetic inertia is recommended for hybrid electro-hydrogen complexes, provided that adaptive, real-time coefficient adjustments are implemented. For Russia, this approach offers a strategic pathway to energy sovereignty in remote and isolated territories, leveraging hydrogen as a seasonal energy carrier and stabilizing seasonal imbalances between summer solar generation and winter demand.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.