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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">alternative</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Альтернативная энергетика и экология (ISJAEE)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-8298</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15518/isjaee.2014.20.002</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">alternative-661</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>XI. ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ РЕШЕНИЯ, ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, УСТРОЙСТВА И ИХ ВНЕДРЕНИЕ   25-1-0-0 НАНОТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ПРОЦЕССАХ СИНТЕЗА ОКСИДОВ МЕТАЛЛОВ, В ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ ТВЕРДООКСИДНЫХ ТОПЛИВНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>XI. INNOVATION SOLUTIONS, TECHNOLOGIES, FACILITIES AND THEIR INNOVATION. 25-1-0-0 NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE METAL OXIDE SYNTHESIS AND SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS PRODUCTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Макроскопическое моделирование процессов переноса в планарных твердооксидных топливных элементах: оценка критических факторов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MACROSCOPIC SIMULATIONS OF TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN PLANAR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS: AN EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE-LIMITING FACTORS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотов</surname><given-names>Юрий Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotov</surname><given-names>Yuri Fedotov</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>Денис Борисович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>Denis</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьев</surname><given-names>Павел Алексеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorob’Ev</surname><given-names>Pavel</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">pavelvorobev-83@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хартон</surname><given-names>Владислав Вадимович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharton</surname><given-names>Vladislav</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бредихин</surname><given-names>Сергей Иванович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bredikhin</surname><given-names>Sergey</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН Институт физики твердого тела Российской академии наук (ИФТТ РАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Solid State Physics RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный научно-исследовательский институт судовой электротехники и технологии (ЦНИИ СЭТ) ФГУП "Крыловский государственный научныш центр"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>2Central Research Institute for Ship Electrotechnics and Technologies, Krylov State Scientific Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>20</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс, 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Международный издательский дом научной периодики "Спейс</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.isjaee.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/661">https://www.isjaee.com/jour/article/view/661</self-uri><abstract><p>Разработка высокоэффективных и экономически перспективных твердооксидных топливных элементов (ТОТЭ) требует поэтапной оптимизации их компонентов с учетом типа конкретного устройства, технологии производства, условий применения и материалов от микро- до макроуровня. Цель настоящей работы - численное моделирование распределения плотности тока, температуры и концентраций топлива и кислорода в планарном ТОТЭ с тонкой несущей твердоэлектролитной мембраной на основе стабилизированного диоксида циркония, двухслойными пористыми электродами и стальными биполярными пластинами из сплава Crofer 22 APU. Моделирование методом конечных объёмов, направленное на определение основных параметров оптимизации конструкции единичного элемента, позволило получить реалистичные интегральные характеристики, сравнимые с экспериментальными характеристиками лабораторных образцов ТОТЭ. Подтверждено, что наличие массивных металлических биполярных пластин в планарной конфигурации ТОТЭ позволяет в значительной степени сгладить окальные неравномерности температурного поля во всем исследованном интервале токов. В качестве ключевых задач выделены: оптимизация ширины и геометрической формы контакта между электродами и токоподводами, расчет оптимальной ширины газовых каналов с учетом применения различных типов топлива и катализаторов, оценка технологически допустимых альтернативных типов конфигурации токоподводов с целью избежать частично изолированных краевых зон с пониженной плотностью тока и экспериментальные исследования электродов вблизи краев зоны контакта с токоподводом, где может происходить спекание и деградация пористых слоев под действием тока. Показано, что при оптимизации конфигурации ТОТЭ граничные условия модели должны выбираться в интервале средних токов вблизи максимальных мощностных характеристик: данный подход обеспечивает минимизацию диффузионных эффектов и достижение режимов, необходимых для практического использования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Development of highly efficient and commercially viable solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) requires throughout optimization of all their components from micro- to macro-level, taking into account the device type, fabrication technologies, materials and application conditions. This work was focused on numerical modeling of the distributions of current density, temperature, fuel and oxidant concentrations in a planar SOFC with supporting solid-electrolyte membrane of stabilized zirconia, bilayered electrodes and stainless steel interconnectors of the Crofer 22 APU alloy. The simulations by the finite volume method, performed in order to determine major optimization factors of the single SOFC construction, made it possible to obtain realistic integral parameters close to the experimental data on la-boratory-scale SOFCs. The fact that the massive metallic current collectors in the planar SOFC configuration significantly suppress local inhomogeneities in the temperature field within entire examined current range was confirmed. The key optimization tasks include width and geometry of the contacts between interconnectors and electrodes, optimum gas-channel size for various fuels and catalysts, an evaluation of technologically feasible alternative types of the current collector configurations in order to avoid partly blocked edge zones with a low local current density, and experimental studies of the porous electrodes near the “current collector | electrode” interface edge where sintering and degradation processes may be induced by high currents. The boundary conditions for such simulations should be selected in the intermediate current range around the SOFC power density maximum in order to minimize limiting effects of mass-transport processes and to achieve the regimes necessary for practical applications.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>твердооксидный топливный элемент (ТОТЭ)</kwd><kwd>планарная конфигурация</kwd><kwd>численное моделирование</kwd><kwd>распределение тока</kwd><kwd>массоперенос</kwd><kwd>solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs)</kwd><kwd>planar configuration</kwd><kwd>numerical modelling</kwd><kwd>current distribution</kwd><kwd>mass transfer</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Badwal S.P.S., Giddey S., Munnings C., Kulkarni A. Review of Progress in High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells // JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN CERAMIC SOCIETY. 2014. Vol. 50, No. 1. 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