STUDY OF THE SHADING INFLUENCE ON THE SOLAR POWER INSTALLATIONS EFFICIENCY IN THE CONDITIONS OF HIGH RESIDENTIAL DENSITY

The paper deals with the solar power installations widely used in Moscow and highlights the following power plants on photovoltaic converters: bicycle rental stations, parking systems, traffic lights at pedestrian crossings, street lights, Wi-Fi stations; solar power systems for yard lanterns and lighting in the porches, installed on the roofs of residential buildings. This study was conducted for a group of the bicycle parks and parking lots. The paper presents a method for research, including: 1. Panoramic digital photography from the point of supposed placement of the receiving surface of the photoelectric converter; 2. Analysis of each photograph by imposing on it a horizon line and the diagrams reflecting the trajectory of the Sun's course during the year (analemma); 3. Processing of the resulting complex image and compilation of an illumination matrix; 4. Calculation of the proportion of direct solar radiation which reaches the receiving surface during the year and a fraction of the time during the year when the point (surface) is not shaded; these values allow us to assess the possibilities for the effective use of a solar installation in individual months or for a year as a whole and make a preliminary selection of the optimal site. This method makes it possible to calculate the mean values for the year and ranges of the change in the proportion of direct solar radiation coming to the photoelectric panel, taking into account the shading of the receiving surface. The paper shows that about 10-20% of solar energy is lost due to shading for the year in the case of bicycle parks; more than 70% per year and 90% in the certain months in the case of parking lots. Thus, the study shows that part of the Moscow's solar power plants have been installed extremely unsuccessfully, which demonstrates the need for preliminary assessment of the shading in the residential density conditions.

solar power engineering, solar power installations, photovoltaic converters, shading, analemma, residential density, bicycle parks, parking lots

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