INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS POLLUTION TYPES ON OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR POWER INSTALLATIONS IN MOSCOW

One of the most significant factors in the megapolis environment in reducing the electricity generation from photoelectric converters (PV) is the contamination of their surfaces. The paper carries out the analysis of various literature sources on the types of pollution and their effect on the operation of the PV, and also the methods for dealing with pollution. The main contamination sources of solar installations are shown to be the soil particles, bird droppings, leaves, snow, air pollutants coming from industrial enterprises, various types of dust associated with human activities, emissions from road transport, etc. The analysis of these studies has indicated that the productivity of the PV is reduced primarily due to carbon contamination, then due to soil particles and calcium carbonate particles. We carried out an experimental study of the influence of various pollution types on the operational effective of solar power plants in Moscow. A series of experiments was carried out in the autumn-winter period, under conditions primarily of low insolation. We covered one of the PV with a layer of dust (ash, snow) at each experiment, the second one (the control one) – was cleaned. The air temperature was 0–2 ºC. Each experiment was conducted for 60-90 min. In addition, before the main series of experiments, we have verified the clean modules, and with their simultaneous contamination. Experimental studies were conducted for the following types of pollution – dust, ash and snow. The experiment showed that: The average error in measuring pure modules is 3% that is consistent with the passport data of the installations. Dry dust in Moscow does not play a significant role in the development of the PV. Wet dust by carbon particles is the main source of reduced power generation by PV (up to 30%). Snowfall leads to a significant decrease in the calculated values of the instantaneous efficiency of modules (over 10%). At low values of insolation, there is a sharp increase in the error in measuring the productivity of the PV.

solar power, photoelectric converter (PV), pollution, dust, soot, snow

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