COMPARISON OF SPECIFIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN RECONDENSATION CYCLES FOR HYDROGEN VAPORS UTILIZATION IN CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS OF FILLING STATIONS

Serious constraining factors in the development of fuel hydrogen energy are: high production costs of hydrogen, ineffective technologies for transportation and storage of both liquid and compressed hydrogen, as well as the lack of logistic supply chains and fuel filling infrastructure. For example, transportation costs for compressed hydrogen gas are comparable with, and sometimes exceed the production costs. The safe drain free storage of hydrogen with minimal losses has a particular relevance when infrastructure for liquid hydrogen production, transport logistics chains for its delivery, distribution and storage are created. The authors have considered the different schemes of the condensation cycles with the standard helium refrigerators, both with and without of precooling by liquid nitrogen of the main hydrogen stream. The paper gives the analysis of operating costs in condensing and traditional JT cycles of hydrogen vapor recondensation and compares them for this indicator. The connection of the second expander in the helium liquefier scheme is shown to lead not only to increase in the capital cost and complicate it technologically but also reduce the operation costs of the condensation process slightly. In case of cryogenic systems with the drain free storage of liquid hydrogen at filling stations and terminals, we have considered two temperature levels of the hydrogen vapor entering condenser directly from the vapor collector at 300 K and from the gas space of the cryogenic tank at 30 K. It is concluded that it is possible and expedient to use the standard helium refrigerators for the recondensation cycles in systems of drain free storage, by including them in the general structure of filling stations.

hydrogen, storage, filling stations, recondensation, liquefaction, ortho-para conversion, transport, infrastructure

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