Buy (120 RUB)
|Generate QR code
Open Access
Subscription or Fee Access
ESTIMATES OF THE PRICE OF HYDROGEN AS A MEDIUM FOR WIND AND SOLAR SOURCES
https://doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2018.10-12.034-042
Abstract
The rejection of hydrogen as a solution to global warming by becoming the medium of wind and solar was made when gasoline was priced at $1/gallon. From wind, H2 would now cost (by electrolysis of water and steam) less than $3 for an amount equivalent in energy to that in a gallon of gasoline (“equivalent”). From solar photovoltaics (pv), H2 would be sinking in price between $8 toward $5 equivalent as the efficiency of solar pv increases toward 20%. Solar thermal’s present prices offer about one-half the solar pv prices. Prediction of the maximum of the delivery rate of world oil is [Laherre’s Oil Production Forecast, 1950–2150. Reprinted with permission from correspondence with William Horvath, U.S. Department of Energy, March 29, 2001] 2010. Future energy sources will develop inexhaustible energies from wind, solar, geothermal, tidal, and wave sources. The common media will be hydrogen and electricity. These sources yield energy at around one-half the cost of nuclear fission. Growing corn to make alcohol involves a net loss of energy and need for a heating mechanism. It may increase the Greenhouse.
About the Authors
J. O’M. Bockris
Haile Plantation
United States
United States
John O’M. Bockris
10515 S. W. 55th Place, Gainesville, FL 32608
T. N. Veziroglu
Clean Energy Research Institute, University of Miami
United States
United States
T. Nejat Veziroglu – Ph.D. in Heat Transfer, Professor, President of International Association for Hydrogen Energy, a member of 18 scientific organizations
1251 Memorial Drive, 219 MacArthur Engineering Building, P.O. Box 2048290, Coral Gables, FL 33124
References
1. Laherre’s Oil Production Forecast, 1950–2150. Reprinted with permission from correspondence with William Horvath, U.S. Department of Energy, March 29, 2001.
2. Nejat Veziroglu T., Awad A.H. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1984;9:355.
3. Simmons M.R. Twilight in the desert. New York: Wiley; 2005 p. 348.
4. Letter from H. Horvath, A Correspondent of the Department of Energy, July, 2006.
5. A quotation from Romm J.J. In: The hype about hydrogen. Island Press, 2004. p. 86.
6. E.J. Campbell Quoted by Legget B.J. In: The empty tank. New York: Random House; 2005.
7. The Hydrogen Economy of 2050: OTEC Driven, Joe Van Ryzin, Patrick Grandelli, David Lip, Richard Argall, 2005, 2006. http://www.clubdesargonautes.org/energie/hydrogene.pdf
8. Gregory D.D., Ng D.Y.C., Long G.M. On the electrochemistry of cleaner environments. New York: Plenum; 1972.
9. Bockris J.O’M. Energy options. New York: Halsted Press; 1980 p. 148–56.
10. Bockris J.O’M. Energy options. New York: Halsted Press; 1980 p. 311–14.
11. Bockris J.O’M, Bevan J., Badwall S. Electrode kinetics of evolution and dissolution of oxygen at Urania-Zirconia interfaces. Acta Electrochim 1980;25:115.
12. Pound B.G., Bevan D.J.M., Bockris J.O’M. Electrolysis of steam during uranium oxide electrodes. Int. J. Hydrogen 1980;6:473.
13. Feller G. Wind, waves & tides economically viable energy from the World’s Oceans, August 9, 2003, Ecoworld; Economics of Wind Energy, February, 2005, American Wind Energy Association; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/windenergyJuly/August2006
14. Professor Peter Schwertfeger, former member of Australian Group in theAntarctic, private communication August 8, 2006; http://globe-net.ca/market_reports/index.cfm?ID_Report=762July/August2006
15. Wind Energy Manual—Wind and Wind Power, Iowa Energy Center, 2006, http://www.energy.iastate.edu/renewable/wind/wem/wem-08_power.html
16. Murphy O., Gutman F. Electrochemical splitting of water. In: White R, Bockris JO’M, Conway BE, editors. Modern aspects of electrochemistry, vol. 15. New York: Plenum Press; 1983. p. 1–82 [chapter 1].
17. Bockris J.O’M. Energy options. New York: Halstead Press; 1980, p. 295.
18. Reynolds R.A., Slager W.L. Theme, 1974; 521.
19. Private communications from Dr. G. Lin on cost/kwh. as a function of efficiency in pv, 2006.
20. Sano S.K., Metsada M., Kuelm K., Mishimoto J., Ogawa I., Kajitu K. Proceedings of the second world conference P.V. solar energy conversion, 6–10 July, 1998. p. 351.
21. Nejat Veziroglu T., Bockris J.O’M. A solarhydrogen economy for the USA, vol. 8, 1983. p. 323.
22. Bockris J.O’M. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2002;27:731.
23. Lin G., Carlson D.E. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2000;25:807 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_thermal_energy_conversion
24. Wave Energy As a Preferred Renewable Energy and The Economics of Wave Energy Energetech, August 2006. http://energetech.com.au:8080/index.htm?http://www.energetech.com.au/content/market.html
25. Vega L. Survey of OTEC, encyclopedia of energy, technology, and the environment, 2005.
26. Ethanol Production Using Corn, Switchgrass, and Wood; Biodiesel production using soybean and sunflower. In: Pimentel D, Patzek H, editors. Natural Resources Research, vol. 14(1), March 2005.
27. Pimentel D., Patzek H., Cecil P., editors. Ethanol production: energy economic and environmental losses.
28. Pimentel D., Patzek H. Editorial: green plants, fossil fuels, and now biofuels. Bioscience, 2006;56(11):875.
29. Pimentel D. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol, 2007;189:25–41.
Review
For citations:
Bockris J.O., Veziroglu T.N. ESTIMATES OF THE PRICE OF HYDROGEN AS A MEDIUM FOR WIND AND SOLAR SOURCES. Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE). 2018;(10-12):34-42. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2018.10-12.034-042
Views:
677
Email this article 