Aspects of Alternative Fuels Application to Reduce Emissions of Particulate Matters less than 10 Microns Polluting the Urban Atmosphere during Vehicle Operation

The paper deals with a problem of air pollution from vehicles operation in cities and megalopolises leading to smog formation both in Europe and in the Russian Federation. Creation and development of vehicles in order to sup-port human life and activities is followed not only by improvement of living and transport conditions for the population but also by negative effects connected with highly significant contamination of the air environment in cities to the levels dangerous for the health of the population.

The pilot studies results are given revealing the increased level of emissions of particulate matters (PM) less than 10 microns basically from wear of tyres and asphalt roadway, but not from exhaust gases of the vehicles with diesel engines.

The studies conducted have shown that the main emission of particulate matters from wear of tyres and roadway consists of the particles from 0.5 to 5 microns in size. Therefore, the position of the European tyre manufacturers (European Tyre & Rubber Manufacturers' Association – ETRMA) shown in 2013-2015 in the submitted documents at sessions of the International Working Party on Pollution and Energy (GRPE) where ETRМA has stated that the main PM emission consists of the particles from 4 to 350 microns in size with the average value of 105 microns is wrong.

Based on the new cases of lung cancer registered by the World Health Organization, which number is annually increasing worldwide, development of activities and acceptance of additional emergency measures on reduction of emissions of particulate matters from wear of tyres and roadway in cities and megalopolises are necessary.

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