Safe and Wasteless Technologies Using Hydrogen Power Generation

In Russia, the developing new safe and non-waste technologies for processing waste is an complex issue, in particular for development of the Arctic. This problem can be solved with the help of hydrogen electric power technologies. The article analyzes the structure and method of waste-free technologies of waste processing. The waste is divided into: the most common solid waste industry and life, including natural and man-made factors (landfills); liquid waste including sewage sludge household and rainwater, oil and other industrial waste; leachate landfills, including landfill gases; waste during transportation and transshipment of oil products, etc. The methods of purification and industrial shipping equipment and their characteristics for the application at facilities of the Arctic are described. These installations include: incinerators, installations for treatment of sewage and filtrate of sewage of MSW, desalination plants of reverse osmosis and with use of snow and ice melting installations, cleaning and filtration of flue gases with an emphasis on methods of electric cleaning, standers for loading and unloading of oil products and hazardous waste. The article shows the advantages of the use of hydrogen sources and energy storage using LNG in the Arctic both in terms of energy efficiency and ecology, the possibility of their use in conjunction with the above waste treatment plants. The characteristics of solid oxide and solid polymer fuel cells and their applications are presented. For the most dynamically developing solid oxide cells, the article gives their characteristics in simple and cogeneration cycles and presents the scope of their application in small and distributed energy at power up to 10 kW. The characteristics of traditional sources of electricity on the basis of ship and aircraft gas turbine units operating on LNG, which can be used in Autonomous power supply networks of Arctic facilities. Their advantages in terms of specific power in comparison with diesel power plants and storage devices are shown, but high LNG consumption and environmental indicators limit their use in the Arctic, taking into account the difficult logistics.

Comparison of the energy efficiency of traditional sources and hydrogen storage shows significant advantages of the latter, and if the efficiency of traditional sources increases with their power, the efficiency of storage devices does not change in the entire range of capacities. This circumstance makes the use of hydrogen sources and accumulators in the field of small capacities typical for Arctic consumers uncontested, especially taking into account the possibilities for safe and waste-free technology for processing industrial and life waste.

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