Ecological and economic efficiency of the use of alternative energy technologies to reduce of the anthropogenic load in the central ecological area of the Baikal natural territory

Due to the natural uniqueness and special status of doing economic activity in the central ecological area of the Baikal natural territory, the assessment of the impact to the environment becomes important. Currently, there are no effective mechanisms aimed at stimulating the reduction of the anthropogenic load on the environment from existing energy sources, including the use of alternative technologies.
Among energy objects, the main sources of pollution in the central ecological area are numerous boiler houses using coal as fuel, and diesel power plants in hard-to-reach places.
To reduce the anthropogenic impact from energy objects, the use of renewable energy sources, the replacement of coal with environmentally friendly fuels, the use of electricity for heat supply, and the installation of environmental protection equipment are considered.
The ecological and economic efficiency of electric and heat energy production technologies was estimated by using specific indicators of capital intensity of reduction of 1 ton of emissions and environmental capital return by 1 million rubles for the conditions of the central ecological area.
The potential for reducing emissions into the atmosphere by use of renewable energy sources in autonomous energy supply areas is less than 1% of the current level of total emissions from energy objects. The potential for reducing emissions by replacing boiler houses with a capacity of less than 0.2 Gcal/h by heat pump units is no more than 12%.
The greatest environmental effect can be achieved by using alternative energy sources instead of coal: natural gas, wood fuel, electricity. The potential for reducing emissions is 60% of the current level. But the implementation of these measures required substantial financial support in the form of special mechanisms for compensation of costs to producers and/or consumers of energy.

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