Assessment of solar radiation resources for the technological development of renewable energy in Iraq

Despite the relatively large reserves of the hydrocarbon fields under development, Iraq's geographical location and climatic conditions have given rise to extensive opportunities for renewable sources, namely solar energy. The high air temperatures recorded annually in the region create a more favorable technical platform for the implementation of thermal processes when recycling incoming research. Therefore, for the design of solar plants and in the future, a reliable assessment of solar energy resources is required to determine the generated power depending on seasonal changes. Theoretical methods for determining radiation flux in the case of assessing resources for a particular area do not have the required accuracy for a number of reasons, the main of which is the permanent state of cloud. Only taking into account the actual climatic conditions for the construction areas under consideration on the basis of long-term actinometric observations gives a fairly accurate distribution of solar energy. The absence of such information in full implies forecasting of resource availability, including for areas not covered by observation systems. Given these limitations, an analysis of the average monthly daily solar radiation revenues for densely populated areas of Iraq is provided. On the basis of actinometric information of many years of observations, dependencies were obtained to determine the solar energy coming at statistical clouds per day per 1 m2 of horizontal surface of the area, taking into account its latitude and serial number of the month of the year. The equations allow to fulfill the forecast of the area irradiation for the design of solar plants, to justify the subsequent efficiency of the alternative system, as well as the level of possible replacement of traditional resources and the degree of reduction of their consumption. On the basis of the calculated data, it is possible to justify the most expedient scheme of solar energy utilization depending on the available resources and to select the structures of radiation sensing devices required for climatic conditions for the solved tasks. In view of the analysis of solar energy distributions and average monthly outdoor air temperatures in Iraq, two types of thermal solar plants have been recommended for use, which may have additional circuits for generating electricity and cold.

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