Calculation and experimental study of local minerals and compositions on its basis for creation of radiation protections for the NPP radioactive wastes storages

It is emphasized the absolute need of ensuring the safety of personnel and the public when using nuclear energy. The importance of creation of effective protection against ionizing radiation is substantiated. It is shown the significance of the optimization principle being one of the basic principles of radiation safety, in designing the composition of biological protection. The requirements for the materials used for the construction of protection are given. It is substantiated the relevance of studies of the local minerals properties in order to estimate the possibility of their use as part of the biological protection of nuclear facilities (NIAE) constructed in different countries. Given are the main directions of research of the radiation protection optimization which are carried out by specialists of the «Nuclear Power Plants and RES» department of UrFU. One of these directions is the computational and experimental study and optimization of the composition of radiation protective materials which are adapted to the specific isotopic composition of radioactive contaminants in the NIAE systems. As an example, the article presents the results of computational and experimental studies of the properties of basalts from the deposits of the Republic of Egypt in order to estimate the possibility of their use in building materials for construction of protection against ionizing radiation.

The origin of the studied basalt samples is described. The characteristics of basalt (the form of basalt bed, arrangement of stratums, their dimensions) of different deposits of Egypt are presented. The equipment and the technique of chemical analysis of the basalt samples are described. The results of the analysis of chemical composition and spectrometric analysis of the specific activities of natural radioactive impurities (thorium, potassium-40, radium) in basalt samples are presented. The equipment and the technique of experimental study of the basalt samples radiation protective characteristics are described. The substantiation is given for the choice of radioactive isotopes for the experimental investigation of the basalt samples. The results of mass attenuation coefficients determination for the samples of basalt and lead (as a reference material) with the help of scintillating detector NaI(Tl) are given. The results of experimental studies of linear and mass attenuation coefficients of γ-radiation of Cs-137, Co-60 and Eu-152 isotopes by basalt samples are presented. The experimental data are compared with the calculated ones obtained with XCOM program.

1. SaNPin 2.6.1.24-03. Sanitarnye pravila proektirovaniya i ehkspluatatsii atomnykh stantsii (SP AS-03). – M.: – 2003.

2. Egorov YU. A. Osnovy radiatsionnoi bezopasnosti atomnykh ehlektrostantsii / YU. A. Egorov. – M.: Ehnergoizdat, 1982. – 272 s.

3. Mashkovich V. P. Zashchita ot ioniziruyushchikh izluchenii / V. P. Mashkovich, A. V. Kudryavtseva. - M.: Ehnergoatomizdat. – 1995. – 450 s.

4. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP publication 103 // Annals of the ICRP. – 2007.– V. 37. – № 2-4.

5. Mikhailova A. F. Puti realizatsii printsipa optimizatsii v radiologicheskoi zashchite personala / A. F. Mikhailova, O. L. Tashlykov // Yadernaya fizika i inzhiniring. – 2018. – Tom 9. – № 4. – S. 393-401.

6. Balushkin F. A. Ispol'zovanie metoda dinamicheskogo programmirovaniya dlya optimizatsii demontazha oborudovaniya ehnergoblokov AEHS, vyvo-dimykh iz ehkspluatatsii, s tsel'yu minimizatsii oblucheniya / F. A. Balushkin [i dr.] // Izvestiya vuzov. Yadernaya ehnergetika, 2009, № 4, s. 169–176.

7. Tashlykov O. L. Ehksperimental'noe issledovanie zashchit ot gamma-izlucheniya organometallicheskikh kompozitsii / O. L. Tashlykov [i dr.] // Global'naya yadernaya bezopasnost'. – 2015. – № 2 (15). – S. 49-55.

8. Russkikh I. M. Experimental and Theoretical Study of Organometallic Radiation-Protective Materials Adapted to Radiation Sources with a Complex Isotopic Composition / I. M. Russkikh, E. N. Seleznev, O. L. Tashlykov // Physics of Atomic Nuclei. – 2015. – Vol. 78, – No. 12. – Rp. 1451-1456.

9. Tashlykov O. L. Composition Optimization of Homogeneous Radiation-Protective Materials for Planned Irradiation Conditions / Tashlykov O. L. [et al.] // Atomic Energy. – 2017. – Vol. 121. – No. 4. – Rr. 303-307.

10. Mahmoud K. A. Gamma ray shielding characteristics and exposure buildup factor for some natural rocks using MCNP-5 code / K. A. Mahmoud, M. I. Sayyed, O. L. Tashlykov // Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 51 (2019) – Rr. 1835-1841.

11. Mahmoud K. A. Comparative studies between the shielding parameters of concretes with different additive aggregates using MCNP-5 simulation code / K. A. Mahmoud, M. I. Sayyed, O. L. Tashlykov // Radiation Physics and Chemistry – 2019. – Vol. 165. Nomer stat'i 108426.

12. Mahmoud K. A. Aggregates grain size and press rate dependence of the shielding parameters for some concretes / K. A. Mahmoud [et al.] // Progress in NuclearEnergy. – 2020. – Vol. 118. January, Nomer stat'i 103092.

13. Mahmoud K. A. Investigation of the gamma ray shielding properties for polyvinyl chloride reinforced with chalcocite and hematite minerals / K. A. Mahmoud [et al.] // Heliyon. 2020. 6(3),e03560.

14. Tashlykov O. L. Dozovye zatraty personala v atomnoi ehnergetike. Analiz. Puti snizheniya. Optimizatsiya: monografiya / Tashlykov O. L. Saarbrüsken, Germany: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing GmbH & Co. RG. 2011. 232 c.

15. Novikov G. A. Obespechenie bezopasnosti v oblasti ispol'zovaniya atomnoi ehnergii: uchebnik / G. A. Novikov, O. L. Tashlykov, S. E. Shcheklein; pod obshch. red. G. A. Novikova. – Ekaterinburg : Izd-vo Ural. Un-ta, 2017. – 552 s.

16. Popov S. A. The quick-release combined radiation shield and heat insulation development for NPP’s equipment and systems / S. A. Popov, O. L. Tashlykov // AIP Conference Proceedings 2015, 020075 (2018).

17. Blochnaya bystros"emnaya zashchita truboprovodov AEHS / patent na izobretenie №2686428. Patentoobladatel' FGAOU VPO «URFU». Avtory: Tashlykov O. L., Popov S. A. Zayavka №2017144965.

18. Perrin M. Cenozoic and Mesozoic basalts from Egypt: a preliminary survey with a view to paleointensity / M. Perrin, A. Saleh, L. Alva-Valdivia // Earth Planets Space. 2009. 61. Rr. 51–60.

19. Mahmoud K. A. Investigation of radiation shielding properties for some building materials reinforced by basalt powder / K. A. Mahmoud [et al.] . December 2019. AIP Conference Proceedings 2174(1): 020036.

20. Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) - OECD: Exposure to radiation from natural radioactivity in building materials OECD. Raris. 1979.

21. Prakticheskaya realizatsiya metodologii ALARA na AEHS. Metodicheskoe posobie. – M.: «RosehnergoatoM », 1999. 186 s.