Recovery of high-potential heat in the steel industry for the production of hydrogen and carbon on hydrocarbon cracking plants of the petrochemical industry

Preliminary calculations suggest that 530 million tons of hydrogen can be obtained from the utilization of heat from blast-furnace and converter processes in the global steel production, which is approximately 8 times higher than the current annual production of hydrogen (75 million tons).
Mankind, already now, by introducing everywhere the technology of utilizing the heat of cooling steel for the pyrolysis of methane, can achieve an 8-fold excess of world hydrogen production.
To date, the use of heat from metallurgical processes (steel) for methane pyrolysis using all available possibilities for the maximum high-quality and relatively cheap separation of methane into soot and hydrogen is an important tactical task.In the process of globally organized petrochemical production of hydrogen by cracking methane in the steelmaking process, it is possible to arrange the production of high-purity hydrogen and high-purity carbon for further synthesis of tubulenes, graphene-like and fullerene-like materials. However, the following tasks stand in the way of this problem: 1) careful study of the behavior of saturated hydrocarbons, including methane at near-critical parameters and supercritical parameters, 2) organization of the optimal process for removing soot (carbon) from a catalytic cracking processor, 3) profiling the optimal design of catalytic cracking – processor.

1. “Dual-Doping and Synergism toward High- Performance Seawater Electrolysis” by Jinfa Chang, Guanzhi Wang, Zhenzhong Yang, Boyang Li, Qi Wang, Ruslan Kuliiev, Nina Orlovskaya, Meng Gu, Yingge Du, Guofeng Wang and Yang Yang, 8 July 2021, Advanced Materials. DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101425.

2. A.L. Gusev. Patent application Montenegro. Cracking of methane in petrochemical production due to heat recovery during cooling of steel in the steelmaking process. 2022.

3. Mamedov Sh.G. Influence of the direction of movement and position of the pipe on the heat transfer of n-heptane in turbulent flow and supercritical pressures. Diss.kan.teh.sci., Baku, 1989.

4. Mamedov Sh.G. et al. Investigation of heat transfer during the movement of H-heptane in a pipe at supercritical pressures. Proceedings of the IV National Scientific and Practical Conference December 6–7, 2018. In two volumes, volume 1, "Kazan State Power Engineering University".

5. Abdullaeva S.D. Heat transfer of organic coolants at supercritical pressures and pulsation mode: Diss.…. Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering. Baku, 2014. p. 217.

6. Isaev G.I., S.D. Abdullaeva et al. Convective heat transfer during the motion of a medium under supercritical pressures. IFJ, 2013 Volume 86, No. 1. pp.2-6.

7. Eyyubova K.S. Heat transfer of liquids at supercritical and critical pressures: Dis…. Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering. Baku, 2011. p. 223.

8. Kelbaliev R.F. Reliability of steam generators of supercritical pressure of thermal power plants // Problems of Energy, National Academy of Sciences, Azerbaijan, 2005, No. 3, pp. 45-50.

9. Isaev G.I., Abdullaeva G.K.// IFZh, 2006.v.79. 10. Isaev G.I. et al.//Izv.Vuzov. Oil and gas. 1997. No. 3-4. pp. 27-29.

10. Verdiev Ch.M. Heat Transfer in Pulsating Mode at Supercritical Pressures of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Diss… Candidate of Technical Sciences. Baku, 1982.p.214.

11. Arabova I.T. Heat transfer during movement in a pipe of liquid (n - heptane) of supercritical pressures. Diss...candidate of technical sciences. Baku 1992.p.231.

12. Valueva E.P. Influence of particles on the turbulence of the carrier gas flow. TVT-2015, No. 3.p.441- 466.

13. Petukhov B.S. Heat transfer in a homogeneous medium at near-critical state parameters // TVT-1968 T4, T6-E.732-745.

14. Valueva E.P. Influence of density fluctuations in the field of buoyancy force on heat transfer and turbulent fluid flow in a vertical pipe at supercritical pressures. TVT-2015, T53, No. 3. pp.403-411. VINITI 06/22/09. No. B 89.

15. I. A. Bedarev, V. N. Parmon, A. V. Fedorov, N. N. Fedorova, V. M. Fomin. Numerical study of the process of methane pyrolysis in shock waves. // Physics of combustion and explosion, 2004, vol. 40, N5, pp.91-101.

16. Buyanov R. A., Vasilyeva N. A., Parmon V. N. et al. Endothermic chemical reactor with gas dynamic control. Novosibirsk, 2001. (Preprint / RAS. Siberian Branch. Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; No. 5-2001.) Kassel L. S. // J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1932. V. 54. P. 3949.

17. Kassel L. S. // J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1932. V. 54. P. 3949.

18. Hadaka Y., et al. High temperature pyrolysis of methane in shock waves // Intern. J. Chem. Kin. 1990. V. 22. P. 701–709.

19. Tabayashi K., Bauer S. H. The early stages of pyrolysis and oxidation of methane // Combust. Flame. 1979. V. 34. P. 63–83.

20. Hadaka Y., et al. Shock-tube and modeling of methane pyrolysis and oxidation // Combust. Flame. 1999. V. 118. P. 340–358.

21. Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances: A Handbook, Ed. V. P. Glushko et al. M.: Nauka, 1979.Wilcox D. C. Turbulence modelling for CFD. La Canada, California: DCW Industries Inc., 1993.

22. V. M. Kovenya, N. N. Yanenko, Splitting method in problems of gas dynamics. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1981.Van Leer B. Flux-vector splitting for the euler equations // Technical Report 82–30, ICASE. 1982.

23. I. A. Bedarev and N. N. Fedorova, “Investigation of factors affecting the quality of prediction of turbulent separated flows,” Vychislit. technology. 1999. V. 4, No. 1. C. 14–33.

24. A.Ya. Stolyarevsky, V.A. Khusnutdinov. Innovative technologies of nuclear-hydrogen energy in the Bakchar Steel project.//Alternative Energy and Ecology, 2007, 11(57), pp.114-123.

25. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2047813. Cryogenic tank. Gusev A.L., Kudryavtsev I.I., Kryakovkin V.P., Kupriyanov V.I., Terekhov A.S., Garkusha A.P. - Appl. 10.12.91., No. 5015702/26, publ. BI No. 31, MKI F17C3 / 00.

26. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2022204. Cryogenic tank and method for removing hydrogen from its vacuum cavity. Gusev A.L., Kudryavtsev I.I., Kryakovkin V.P., Kupriyanov V.I., Terekhov A.S. – Appl. 06/24/91., No. 4954398/26, publ. BI No. 20, 1994, MKI F17C3/08.

27. A.L. Gusev, M.V. Kalmanova, P.A. Chaban, M.D. Hampton. Phenomenological thermodynamics of adsorption to substantiate the synthesis of an optimal hydrogen accumulator based on carbon nanotubes. Collection of abstracts of the IX International Student Scientific Conference "Polar Lights - 2006". Nuclear Future: Security, Economics and Law”. St. Petersburg, January 30 - February 4, 2006. Page 172-174.

28. Yu.S. Nechaev, O.K. Alekseeva, A.L. Gusev, T.N. Veziroglu. Fundamental foundations and prospects for the development of nanocarbon "super" adsorbents for hydrogen storage on board a car. // Alternative energy and ecology, No. 7, 2006, pp. 27 - 28.Yu.S. Nechaev, G.A. Filippov, A.L. Gusev. On the experimental and theoretical basis of developing a super hydrogen carbonaceous adsorbent for fuel-cell-powered vehicles. // In: Book of Abstracts of &th Biennial International Workshop “Fullerenes and Atomic Clusters” (IWAFAC’2005), June 27 – July 1, 2005, St. Peterburg, Russia, (2005) 267.

29. Yu.S. Nechaev, A.L. Gusev, B.K. Gupta, O.N. Srivastava, T.N. Veziroglu. On the experimental and theoretical basis developing a “super” hydrogen adsorbent. // In: Transactions of International conference “Solid State Hydrogen Storage – Materials and Applications”, January 31 – February 1, 2005, Hyderabad, India (2005).

30. Yu.S. Nechaev, A.L. Gusev, B.K. Gupta, O.N. Srivastava, T.N. Veziroglu. On using graphite nanofibers for hydrogen on-board storage. // In: Transactions of International conference “Solid State Hydrogen Storage – Materials and Applications”, January 31 – February 1, 2005, Hyderabad, India (2005).

31. RF Patent No. 2022204. Cryogenic tank and method for removing hydrogen from its vacuum cavity. Gusev A.L., Kudryavtsev I.I., Kryakovkin V.P., Kupriyanov V.I., Terekhov A.S. – Appl. 06/24/91., No. 4954398/26, publ. BI No. 20, 1994, MKI F17C3/08.

32. A.L. Gusev. Thermodynamic peculiarities of low-temperature regeneration of cryoadsorption devices in thermo-insulated cavities of cryogenic tanks.//International Journal Hydrogen of Energy, 26 (2001), pp.863-871.

33. RF Patent No. 2022202. Cryogenic tank. Gusev A.L., Kudryavtsev I.I., Kupriyanov V.P., Kurtashin V.E. – Appl. 04/24/91., No. 4931238/26, publ. BI No. 20, 1994, MKI F17C3/00, 3/08.

34. A.L. Gusev. Features of the processes of storage and transportation of large amounts of hydrogen. I. Lowtemperature regeneration of built-in cryoadsorption devices of large cryogenic hydrogen tanks.//Alternative Energy and Ecology, No. 4, 2002.

35. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2022196. Cryogenic pipeline. Gusev A.L., Teleshevsky V.S. – Appl. 10.10.90., No. 4870140/29, publ. in BI No. 20, 1994, MKI F16L9 / 18.

36. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2052158. The method of operation of a vacuum cryoadsorption device in the heat-insulating cavity of a cryogenic tank. Gusev A.L., Isaev A.V., Kupriyanov V.I., Makarov A.A., Terekhov A.S. - Appl. 11/13/91., No. 5009136/06, publ. BI No. 1, 1996, MKI F04B37/02.

37. A.L. Gusev, V.M. Belousov, I.V. Bachericova, E.V. Rozhkova. Hydrogen Sensor for Cryogenic vacuum objects. Abstacts book of NATO International Conference Katsiveli, Yalta, Ukraine September 02-08, 1999, p.370.

38. A.L. Gusev, E.V. Kudel'kina, P.A. Chaban, A.V. Ivkin, T.N. Veziroglu, M.D. Hampton. "Edel'weis- 001" standardized unit for testing hydrogen transport sensors. The Proceedings for the 30th ISTC Japan Workshop on Advanced Catalysis Technologies in Russia, April 12-19, 2004, Visits to Companies in Japan, Sponsor: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan-Rissia Business Cooperation Committee; International Science and Technology Center (ISTC). P. 234-235.

39. Sultanov E. F.; Ismayilov S.S. “Investigating the opportunities of using alternative energy sources in vessels”, Azerbaijan State Maritime Academy, Journal of “Scientific news” №2, Baku, 2021, p.p 151-157.

40. Gusev, A.L. Thermodynamic peculiarities of low-temperature regeneration of cryosorption devices in heat-insulation cavities of hydrogenous cryogenic tanks.//International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 2001, 26(8), pp. 863–871.

41. Ufa R.A., Vasilev A.S., Gusev A.L., ...Malkova Y.Y., Gusev A.S. Analysis of the influence of the current- voltage characteristics of the voltage rectifiers on the static characteristics of hydrogen electrolyzer load//International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021, 46(68), pp. 33670–33678.

42. Ufa R.A., Malkova, Y.Y., Gusev A.L., Ruban N.Y., Vasilev A.S. Algorithm for optimal pairing of res and hydrogen energy storage systems.//International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021, 46(68), pp. 33659– 33669.

43. Zhiznin S.Z., Timokhov V.M., Gusev A.L.Economic aspects of nuclear and hydrogen energy in the world and Russia.//International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2020, 45(56), pp. 31353–31366.

44. Shalimov Y.N., Korol’kov V.I., Budnik A.P., Gusev A.L., Russu A.V. Analysis of Patents for Airplane Power Units.//Russian Engineering Research, 2019, 39(11), pp. 944–950.

45. Zhiznin S.Z., Vassilev S., Gusev A.L.Economics of secondary renewable energy sources with hydrogen generation.//International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, 44(23), pp. 11385–11393.

46. Gusev A.L. Cleaning system for corrosive gases and hydrogen.//Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 2009, 45(9-10), pp. 640–640.

47. Zhiznin S.Z., Timokhov V.M., Gusev A.L. Economics of hydrogen energy of green transition in the world and Russia.Part I.//International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, In Print.

48. Gusev A.L., Zolotukhin I.V., Kalinin Yu.E., Sitnikov A.V. Sensors of hydrogen and hydrogencontaining molecules //Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE). 2005. No. 5. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/datchiki-vodoroda-ivodorodsoderzhaschih-molekul (date of access: 07/30/2022).

49. AL Gusev, VM Belousov, IV Bacherikova, LV Lyashenko, EV Rozhkova. Hydrogen Sensor for Cryogenic vacuum objects./ Hydrogen Materials Science and Chemistry of Metal Hydrides. pp. 41-47, NATO Science Series. Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry - Vol.71. Springer, Dordrecht. Editors by M.D. Hampton, D.V. Schur, S.Yu. Zaginaichenko and V..I. Trefilov. - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-010-0558-6_5.

50. Patent RF 2113871. Methods of preventing fires in closed vessels and pipelines and a cryogenic pipeline. IC 1 A62C2/00,3/00. BI 1 18, 1998. Gusev A.L., Belousov V.M., Kupriyanov V.I. et al., 1998.

51. Gusev A.L., Belousov V.M., Bacherikova I.V., Lyashenko L.V., Rozhkova E.V. Hydrogen sensor for cryogenic-vacuum objects. Issues of Atomic Science and Technology. Series: Vacuum, Pure Materials, Superconductors. 1999. Issue. 1(9), pp. 28-32.Scientific project #1580 “Hydrogen detectors”, A.L. Gusev, 1999. (htpp: www.istc.ru).

52. Gusev A.L., Belousov V.M., Bacherikova I.V., Lyashenko L.V., Rozhkova E.V. Hydrogen sensor for cryogenic-vacuum objects. Report at the Third International Symposium "Vacuum Technologies and Equipment". ISVTE-3. Kharkiv -1999, September 22-24, 1999. Abstracts of the IV th International Symposium on Diamond Films and Related Materials- ISDF4 (Kharkov, Ukraine, September 20-22, 1999).

53. A.L. Gusev. Low-temperature sensors and hydrogen absorbers.// Alternative energy and ecology, Special issue, 2003, 110 - 114, pp., 172 p.

54. Bedulina D S, Bliznetskaya E A, Gusev A L, Davydova A V, Zasursky I I, Zimov N S, Lanshina T A, Lemeshko N A, Makarov I A, Pisarevskaya A M, Revich B A, Romanovskaya A A, Safonov G V, Senova O N, Servetnik V V, Serebritsky I A, Sidorovich V A, Titov M A, Trischenko N D, Usov E I, et al. Report of the Permanent Commission on Environmental Rights of the Presidential Council for the Development of Civil Society and Human Rights “Green Turn”.//Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE) 2020; 19(24): 131-57.

55. Goltsov V.A., Veziroglu T.N., Goltsova L.F., Gusev A.L. Up-to-day status of hydrogen economy and hydrogen vehicles: economy, techniques, infrastructure.// Alternative Energy and Ecology. 2003. # S2. P. 18-19.

56. V. A. Goltsov, T. N. Veziroglu, L. F. Goltsova, and A. L. Gusev, The current state of the hydrogen economy and hydrogen transport: economics, technology, infrastructure.//International scientific journal Alternative energy and ecology. 2003. # S1. pp. 21-22.

57. Gusev A.L. The main environmental problems of the Nizhny Novgorod region and the ways of transition to a hydrogen economy.//International scientific journal Alternative Energy and Ecology. 2006. No. 1. S. 13-24.

58. Gusev AL. Hydrogen for Progress. The Second International Conference Alternative sources of energy for big cities. 2006; p.22.

59. Gusev A L. First International Workshop on Safety and Economics of Hydrogen Transport- IFSSEHT-2000. Popular Science Journal “Atom” 2000; 14: 44-6.

60. A.L. Gusev, T.N. Veziroglu, Yu.A. Trutnev. WCAEE-2006 (Congress Volga) – Proceedings 1.//Alternative Energy and Ecology, 2006, 5(37), P.152.

61. A.L. Gusev, T.N. Veziroglu, Yu.A. Trutnev. WCAEE-2006 (Congress Volga) – Proceedings 2.//Alternative Energy and Ecology, 2006, 6(38), P.116.

62. A.L. Gusev, T.N. Veziroglu, Yu.A. Trutnev. WCAEE-2006 (Congress Volga) – Proceedings 3.//Alternative Energy and Ecology, 2006, 7(39), P.120.

63. A.L. Gusev, T.N. Veziroglu, Yu.A. Trutnev. WCAEE-2006 (Congress Volga) – Proceedings 4.//Alternative Energy and Ecology, 2006, 8(40), P.144.

64. A.L. Gusev, T.N. Veziroglu, Yu.A. Trutnev. WCAEE-2006 (Congress Volga) – Proceedings 5.//Alternative Energy and Ecology, 2006, 9(41), P.156.

65. A.L. Gusev, T.N. Veziroglu, Yu.A. Trutnev. WCAEE-2006 (Congress Volga) – Proceedings 6.//Alternative Energy and Ecology, 2006, 10(42), P.84.

66. A.L. Gusev. Energy generating element EGE- 1.// Alternative Energy and Ecology, 2006, 8(40), P.125.

67. Salamov O.M., Aliyev F.F. Prospects of obtaining alternative fuel from various biomass and waste species in Azerbaijan.// Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE). 2019;(01-03):25-41. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2019.01-03.025-041.

68. Badalov A.B., Barkhalov R.R., Kalbili N.R. Prospects for the development of renewable energy in Azerbaijan. Energetik, 2015, pp.29-33.

69. Yusifbayli N.A. Solar energy potential of the Republic of Azerbaijan.//İnternational Conference “Modern Trends in Phyics”. 01-03 May 2019, Baku. Dedicated to the 100th anniversary BSU, p.122.

70. Isakov G.I., Ismailov A.A., Ismailova P.G., Ismailov A.A., Abdinbekov S.S., Velibekov Kh.Sh., Orudzhev T.Ya. Electrical properties of IN0.99SM0.01SE single crystals I IN0.99ER0.01SE for solar cells.//Alternative Energy and Ecology, 2022, 6.

71. Balaeva A.H. Report at the International Conference "Energy, Ecology, Climate 2022 - WCAEEICEEC- 2022", Montenegro, June 20-22, 2022 "Development of a spring tank onboard energy regeneratorbraking vehicles" (report No. 8.4.4., date 06/22/2022 https://www.isjaee.com/jour/announcement/view/219.