Исследование влияния непрямой электрохимической предобработки свиного навоза на характеристики анаэробного сбраживания

Увеличение поголовья свиней приводит к накоплению в окружающей среде свиного навоза (СН), неправильная утилизация которого влечет за собой загрязнение окружающей среды. Одним из перспективных методов утилизации СН является анаэробное сбраживание (АС), однако его промышленное внедрение все еще ограничено из-за высокого содержания лигноцеллюлозы и неоптимального соотношении углерода к азоту в навозе. В данной работе для улучшения АС использовали непрямую электрохимическую предобработку (НЭП) СН, которая заключалась в обработке СН активными формами кислорода, образующимися в результате электролиза водопроводной воды. В работе было протестировано 3 режима предобработки СН, которые различались по времени прохождения воды через электрохимические блоки аппарата НЭП (щелочной и кислотный, соответственно). При помощи сканирующей электронной микроскопии и спектроскопии в УФ-видимой области было показано, что в результате НЭП произошло уменьшение размеров частиц СН с 200-500 до 15-50 мкм, что привело к повышению биоразлагаемости СН на 37-38%. При использовании режима, включающего последовательно 7,5 мин щелочной, 15 мин кислотной, и 7,5 мин щелочной предобработки был получен наибольший удельный выход метана 94,48 ± 1,42 мл CH₄/г ОВ, что на 41,28 ± 2,21% выше, чем для необработанного СН. При АС предобработанного СН, в анаэробном микробном сообществе наблюдались более сложно устроенные микробные агрегаты и повышалась представленность гидролитических (родов Bacillus, Ureibacillus, Geobacillus) и синтрофных (рода Smithella, группы Christensenellaceae R-7) микроорганизмов.

1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2023) – with major processing by Our World in Data. «Number of pigs – FAO» [dataset]. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, «Production: Crops and livestock products» [original data]. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/pig-livestock-count-heads

2. Xiao Y., Yang H., Yang H., Wang H., Zheng D., Liu Y. et al. Improved biogas production of dry anaerobic digestion of swine manure. Bioresour Technol., 2019;294:122188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122188.

3. Cândido D., Bolsan A. C., Hollas C. E., Venturin B., Tápparo D. C., Bonassa G. et al. Integration of swine manure anaerobic digestion and digestate nutrients removal/recovery under a circular economy concept. J Environ. Manage., 2022;301:113825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113825.

4. Zheng X., Liu Y., Huang J., Du Z., Zhouyang S., Wang Y. et al. The influence of variables on the bioavailability of heavy metals during the anaerobic digestion of swine manure. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 2020;195:110457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110457.

5. Jurado E., Antonopoulou G., Lyberatos G., Gavala H. N., Skiadas I. V. Continuous anaerobic digestion of swine manure: ADM1-based modelling and effect of addition of swine manure fibers pretreated with aqueous ammonia soaking. Appl Energy, 2016;172:190–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.03.072.

6. Orlando M. Q., Borja V. M. Pretreatment of Animal Manure Biomass to Improve Biogas Production: A Review. Energies, 2020, vol. 13, page 3573 2020;13:3573. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13143573.

7. Menzel T., Neubauer P., Junne S. Role of Microbial Hydrolysis in Anaerobic Digestion. Energies, 2020, vol. 13, page 5555, 2020;13:5555. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215555.

8. González-García I., Riaño B., Molinuevo-Salces B., Vanotti M. B., García-González M. C. Improved anaerobic digestion of swine manure by simultaneous ammonia recovery using gas-permeable membranes. Water Res., 2021;190:116789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116789.

9. Gahlot P., Balasundaram G., Tyagi V. K., Atabani A. E., Suthar S., Kazmi A. A. et al. Principles and potential of thermal hydrolysis of sewage sludge to enhance anaerobic digestion. Environ. Res., 2022;214:113856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113856.

10. Cai Y., Zheng Z., Schäfer F., Stinner W., Yuan X., Wang H. et al. A review about pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass in anaerobic digestion: Achievement and challenge in Germany and China. J. Clean Prod., 2021;299:126885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126885.

11. Khanh Nguyen V., Kumar Chaudhary D., Hari Dahal R., Hoang Trinh N., Kim J., Chang S. W. et al. Review on pretreatment techniques to improve anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. Fuel, 2021;285:119105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119105.

12. Poddar B. J., Nakhate S. P., Gupta R. K., Chavan A. R., Singh A. K., Khardenavis A. A. et al. A comprehensive review on the pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes for improved biogas production by anaerobic digestion. Int. J. Environ. Sci Technol., 2021, 194, 2021;19:3429–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03248-8.

13. Brémond U., de Buyer R., Steyer J. P., Bernet N., Carrere H. Biological pretreatments of biomass for improving biogas production: an overview from lab scale to full-scale. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2018;90: 583–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.103.

14. Kumari D., Singh R. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes for biofuel production: A critical review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2018;90:877–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.111.

15. Yuan H., Yu B., Cheng P., Zhu N., Yin C., Ying L. Pilot-scale study of enhanced anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge by electrochemical and sodium hypochlorite combination pretreatment. Int. Biodeterior Biodegradation, 2016;110:227–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.04.001.

16. Zeng Q., Huang H., Tan Y., Chen G., Hao T. Emerging electrochemistry-based process for sludge treatment and resources recovery: A review. Water Res., 2022;209:117939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117939.

17. Xu Y., Lu Y., Zheng L., Wang Z., Dai X. Perspective on enhancing the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. J. Hazard Mater., 2020;389:121847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121847.

18. Cheng K. Y., Kaksonen A. H. Integrating Microbial Electrochemical Technologies With Anaerobic Digestion for Waste Treatment: Possibilities and Perspectives. Curr Dev Biotechnol. Bioeng Solid Waste Manag., 2017:191–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63664-5.00009-5.

19. Panigrahi S., Dubey B. K. Electrochemical pretreatment of yard waste to improve biogas production: Understanding the mechanism of delignification, and energy balance. Bioresour Technol., 2019;292:121958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121958.

20. Zeng Q., Zan F., Hao T., Khanal S. K., Chen G. Sewage sludge digestion beyond biogas: Electrochemical pretreatment for biochemicals. Water Res., 2022;208:117839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117839.

21. Xi S., Dong X., Lin Q., Li X., Ma J., Zan F. et al. Enhancing anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge by investigating multiple electrochemical pretreatment conditions: Performance, modeling and microbial dynamics. Bioresour Technol., 2023;368:128364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128364.

22. Huang H., Deng Y. fan, Zeng Q., Heynderickx P. M., Chen G., Wu D. Integrating electrochemical pretreatment (EPT) and side-stream sulfidogenesis with conventional activated sludge process: Performance, microbial community and sludge reduction mechanisms. Chem. Eng. J., 2022;433:133678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.133678.

23. Arenas C. B., González R., González J., Cara J., Papaharalabos G., Gómez X. et al. Assessment of electrooxidation as pre- and post-treatments for improving anaerobic digestion and stabilisation of waste activated sludge. J. Environ. Manage., 2021;288:112365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112365.

24. KovalevA.A., Kovalev D.A., Zhuravleva E.A., Katraeva I. V., Panchenko V., Fiore U. et al. Two-stage anaerobic digestion with direct electric stimulation of methanogenesis: The effect of a physical barrier to retain biomass on the surface of a carbon cloth-based biocathode. Renew Energy, 2022;181:966–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.09.097.

25. ООО «КВАЛИТЭК». Электрохимические технологии. Коммерческое предложение. Электрохимические установки «Изумруд». http://xn--l1aeahc.xn--p1ai/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/%D0%9A%D0%9F_%D0%98%D0%97%D0%A3%D0%9C%D0%A0%D0%A3%D0%94.pdf

26. Tang Y., Li X., Dong B., Huang J. Wei Y., Dai X. et al. Effect of aromatic repolymerization of humic acid-like fraction on digestate phytotoxicity reduction during high-solid anaerobic digestion for stabilization treatment of sewage sludge. Water Res., 2018;143: 436–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.003.

27. Emebu S., Pecha J., Janáčová D. Review on anaerobic digestion models: Model classification & elaboration of process phenomena. Renew Sustain Energy Rev., 2022;160:112288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112288.

28. Fadrosh D. W., Ma B., Gajer P., Sengamalay N., Ott S., Brotman R. M. et al. An improved dual-indexing approach for multiplexed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Microbiome., 2014; 2:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-2618-2-6/figures/3.

29. Gohl D., Gohl D. M., MacLean A., Hauge A., Becker A., Walek D. et al. An optimized protocol for high-throughput amplicon-based microbiome profiling. Protoc. Exch., 2016. https://doi.org/10.1038/protex.2016.030.

30. KovalevA.A., Kovalev D.A., Zhuravleva E.A., Laikova A. A., Shekhurdina S. V., Vivekanand V. et al. Biochemical hydrogen potential assay for predicting the patterns of the kinetics of semi-continuous dark fermentation. Bioresour Technol., 2023;376:128919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128919.

31. Biyada S., Merzouki M., Elkarrach K., Benlemlih M. Spectroscopic characterization of organic matter transformation during composting of textile solid waste using UV–Visible spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Microchem J., 2020;159:105314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.105314.

32. Huang F., Liu H., Wen J., Zhao C., Dong L., Liu H. Underestimated humic acids release and influence on anaerobic digestion during sludge thermal hydrolysis. Water Res., 2021;201:117310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117310.

33. Tang Y., Sun J., Dong B., Dai X. Citric acid treatment directly on anaerobic digestor sludge alleviates the inhibitory effect of in-situ generated humic acids by their deconstruction and redistribution. Water Res., 2023;233:119680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.119680.

34. Long S.,Yang J., Hao Z., Shi Z., Liu X., Xu Q. et al. Multiple roles of humic substances in anaerobic digestion systems: A review. J. Clean Prod., 2023;418:138066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138066.

35. Yang H., Xu L., Li Y., Liu H., Wu X., Zhou P. et al. FexO/FeNC modified activated carbon packing media for biological slow filtration to enhance the removal of dissolved organic matter in reused water. J. Hazard Mater., 2023;457:131736. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131736.

36. Zheng W., Lü F., Phoungthong K., He P. Relationship between anaerobic digestion of biodegradable solid waste and spectral characteristics of the derived liquid digestate. Bioresour Technol., 2014;161:69–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.016.

37. Mirko C., Pezzolla D., Chiara T., Giovanni G. Pretreatments for enhanced biomethane production from buckwheat hull: Effects on organic matter degradation and process sustainability. J. Environ Manage., 2021;285:112098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112098.

38. Alzagameem A., Khaldi-Hansen B. El., Büchner D., Larkins M., Kamm B., Witzleben S. et al. Lignocellulosic Biomass as Source for Lignin-Based Environmentally Benign Antioxidants. Mol., 2018, vol 23, рage 2664 2018;23:2664. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102664.

39. Sun C., Xia A., Liao Q., Guo X., Fu Q., Huang Y. et al. Inhibitory effects of furfural and vanillin on two-stage gaseous biofuel fermentation. Fuel, 2019;252:350–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.04.068.

40. Prajapati K. K., Pareek N., Vivekanand V. Pre-treatment and multi-feedanaerobic co-digestion of agro-industrial residual biomass for improved biomethanation and kinetic analysis. Front Energy Res., 2018;6:411598. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2018.00111/bibtex.

41. Moreira A. J. G., de Sousa T. A. T., Franco D., Lopes W. S., de Castilhos Junior A. B. Kinetic modeling and interrelationship aspects of biogas production from waste activated sludge solubilized by enzymatic and thermal pre-treatment. Fuel, 2023;347:128452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128452.

42. Du B., Wang Z., Lens P. N. L., Zhan X., Wu G. New insights into syntrophic ethanol oxidation: Effects of operational modes and solids retention times. Environ Res., 2024;241:117607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.117607.

43. Yellezuome D., Zhu X., Wang Z., Liu R. Mitigation of ammonia inhibition in anaerobic digestion of nitrogen-rich substrates for biogas production by ammonia stripping: A review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev., 2022;157:112043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.112043.

44. Wang N., Xiao M., Zhang S., Chen X., Shi J., Fu S. et al. Evaluating the potential of different bioaugmented strains to enhance methane production during thermophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste. Environ Res., 2024;245:118031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.118031.

45. Liczbiński P., Borowski S. Effect of hyperthermophilic pretreatment on methane and hydrogen production from garden waste under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Bioresour Technol., 2021;335:125264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125264.

46. Shekhurdina S., Zhuravleva E., Kovalev A., Andreev E., Kryukov E., Loiko N. et al. Comparative effect of conductive and dielectric materials on methanogenesis from highly concentrated volatile fatty acids. Bioresour Technol., 2023;377:128966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128966.

47. Peces M., Astals S., Jensen P. D., Clarke W. P. Transition of microbial communities and degradation pathways in anaerobic digestion at decreasing retention time. N. Biotechnol., 2021;60:52–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2020.07.005.

48. Buenaño-Vargas C., Gagliano M. C., Paulo L. M., Bartle A., Graham A., van Veelen H. P. J. et al. Acclimation of microbial communities to low and moderate salinities in anaerobic digestion. Sci Total Environ., 2024;906:167470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167470.

49. Chen R., Li Z., Feng J., Zhao L., Yu J. Effects of digestate recirculation ratios on biogas production and methane yield of continuous dry anaerobic digestion. Bioresour Technol., 2020;316:123963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123963.

50. Lee J., Koo T., Yulisa A., Hwang S. Magnetite as an enhancer in methanogenic degradation of volatile fatty acids under ammonia-stressed condition. J. Environ Manage., 2019;241:418–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.038.

51. Yu N., Guo B., Liu Y. Shaping biofilm microbiomes by changing GAC location during wastewater anaerobic digestion. Sci Total Environ, 2021;780:146488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146488.

52. Niu C., Pan Y., Lu X., Wang S., Zhang Z., Zheng C. et al. Mesophilic anaerobic digestion of thermally hydrolyzed sludge in anaerobic membrane bioreactor: Long-term performance, microbial community dynamics and membrane fouling mitigation. J. Memb. Sci, 2020;612:118264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118264.

53. Lee B., Park J. G., Shin W. B., Tian D. J., Jun H. B. Microbial communities change in an anaerobic digestion after application of microbial electrolysis cells. Bioresour Technol., 2017;234:273–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.022.

54. Zhang L., Loh K. C., Sarvanantharajah S., Tong Y. W, Wang C. H., Dai Y. Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of soybean curd residue for methane production: Characterizing bacterial and methanogen communities and their correlations with organic loading rate and operating temperature. Bioresour Technol., 2019;288:121597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121597.

55. Lü F., Luo C., Shao L., He P. Biochar alleviates combined stress of ammonium and acids by firstly enriching Methanosaeta and then Methanosarcina. Water Res., 2016;90:34–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.12.029.

56. Saha S., Basak B., Hwang J. H., Salama E. S., Chatterjee P. K., Jeon B. H. Microbial Symbiosis: A Network towards Biomethanation. Trends Microbiol, 2020;28:968–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2020.03.012.

57. Wang J., Ma D., Feng K., Lou Y., Zhou H., Liu B. et al. Polystyrene nanoplastics shape microbiome and functional metabolism in anaerobic digestion. Water Res., 2022;219:118606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118606.

58. Linsong H., Lianhua L., Ying L., Changrui W., Yongming S. Bioaugmentation with methanogenic culture to improve methane production from chicken manure in batch anaerobic digestion. Chemosphere, 2022;303:135127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemo-sphere.2022.135127.

59. Bueno de Mesquita C. P., Wu D., Tringe S. G. Methyl-Based Methanogenesis: an Ecological and Genomic Review. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev., 2023;87. https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00024-22.

60. Yang S., Wen Q., Chen Z. Impacts of Cu and Zn on the performance, microbial community dynamics and resistance genes variations during mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure. Bioresour Technol., 2020;312:123554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123554.

61. Hu Y., Shen Y., Wang J. Pretreatment of antibiotic fermentation residues by combined ultrasound and alkali for enhancing biohydrogen production. J Clean Prod., 2020;268:122190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122190.

62. Guan R., Gu J., Wachemo A. C., Yuan H., Li X. Novel Insights into Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw Using Combined Pretreatment with CaO and the Liquid Fraction of Digestate: Anaerobic Digestion Performance and Kinetic Analysis. Energy and Fuels, 2020;34:1119–30. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b02104.

63. Martínez-Rodríguez A., Abánades A. Comparative Analysis of Energy and Exergy Performance of Hydrogen Production Methods. Entropy, 2020; 22: 1286. https://doi.org/10.3390/e22111286.