Экономика водородной энергии: оценка стоимости и жизнеспособности различных видов водорода обзор методов производства

Увеличение выбросов парниковых газов и увеличение использования возобновляемых источников энергии при производстве электроэнергии в последние годы привели к росту интереса к водороду. В качестве решения для хранения энергии из возобновляемых источников водород может способствовать обезуглероживанию отраслей промышленности и транспорта, а также балансировке энергетических систем. В данной статье основной целью является изучение различных методов получения водорода в зависимости от первичного источника энергии. Кроме того, в ней оцениваются экономические и экологические показатели трех типов водорода, известных как «водородные красители», а также существенные препятствия на пути широкого внедрения топливных элементов. Ключевой вывод заключается в том, что экологические преимущества водорода в значительной степени зависят от того, как производится водород и какое топливо используется для его производства. Экологически чистый водород может быть получен только с использованием энергии ветра, солнечной, фотоэлектрической энергии (PV) и гидроэлектростанции. Выбросы от других источников, таких как «голубой водород», использующий улавливание, утилизацию и хранение углерода (CCU), или электролиз с использованием электроэнергии из сети, значительно выше, чем от «серого водорода». Кроме того, создание международного рынка водорода снизит затраты и позволит производить водород в оптимальных местах. И, наконец, ключевой нерешенный вопрос заключается в том, является ли водород, независимо от его цвета, экономически конкурентоспособным в любом секторе энергетической системы, несмотря на все связанные с ним внешние издержки. Стратегическая основа, поддерживающая технологические достижения, снижение затрат и будущие приоритеты, будет определять успех водорода в будущем. Эта основа должна способствовать переходу от «серого» водорода к «зеленому».

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