Влияние кратности подачи предварительно обработанного в аппарате вихревого слоя субстрата на эффективность получения биоводорода в процессе темновой ферментации

   Процесс темновой ферментации (ТФ) представляет значительный интерес для получения биоводорода из органических отходов. Однако промышленное внедрение ТФ все еще ограничено ввиду недостаточно высокой эффективности этого процесса. В данной работе было исследовано влияние разной кратности подачи субстрата (1; 1,5 и 3 сут-1, что соответствовало времени между загрузками 24, 16 и 8 ч) в биореактор ТФ на основные характеристики процесса при постоянном значении гидравлического времени удержания (HRT) и нагрузки по органическому веществу (OLR), равным 1 сутки и 24 г ОВ/(л·сут), соответственно. Для увеличения общей скорости образования и удельного выхода водорода, субстрат подвергался предварительной обработке в аппарате вихревого слоя (АВС). Удельный (HY) и объемный (HPR) выходы, содержание водорода в биогазе (Н₂) и содержание растворенного железа в субстрате были наибольшими при кратности подачи субстрата 3 сут-1 (8 часов между подачей субстрата) и составили 618 ± 225 мл/г ОВ, 14,84 ± 5,4 л/(л·сут), 54,8 ± 4,4 %, и 51,5 ± 38,9 мг/л соответственно. Основным продуцентом водорода в микробном сообществе (более 80 %) был род Thermoanaerobacterium. Таким образом, было продемонстрировано, что использование наибольшей кратности подачи субстрата (что соответствует наименьшему времени между загрузками), предобработанного в АВС, обеспечивает наибольшую стабильность и эффективность процесса ТФ. Полученные результаты имеют существенное значение для дальнейшего совершенствования технологии ТФ и могут быть применены при масштабировании процесса в будущем.

1. Abu Hatab A., Cavinato M. E. R., Lindemer A., Lagerkvist C. -J. Urban Sprawl, Food Security and Agricultural Systems in Developing Countries : A Systematic Review of the Literature. Cities 2019; 94:129-142. doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2019.06.001.

2. United Nations Environment Programme 2021. Food Waste Index Report. – 2021. Nairobi.

3. Sinha S., Tripathi P. Trends and Challenges in Valorisation of Food Waste in Developing Economies: A Case Study of India. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering. 2021; 4:100162. doi: 10.1016/j.cscee.2021.100162.

4. Filimonau V., Ermolaev V. A. A Sleeping Giant? Food Waste in the Foodservice Sector of Russia // Journal of Cleaner Production. – 2021; 297:126705. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126705.

5. Scherhaufer S., Moates G., Hartikainen H., Waldron K., Obersteiner G. Environmental Impacts of Food Waste in Europe // Waste Management. – 2018; 77:98-113. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.04.038.

6. Farizoglu B., Keskinler B., Yildiz E., Nuhoglu A. Simultaneous Removal of C, N, P from Cheese Whey by Jet Loop Membrane Bioreactor (JLMBR) // Journal of Hazardous Materials. – 2007; 146 (1):399-407. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.12.051.

7. Sampath P., Brijesh, Reddy K. R., Reddy C. V., Shetti N. P., Kulkarni R. V., Raghu A. V. Biohydrogen Production from Organic Waste – A Review // Chemical Engineering & Technology. – 2020; 43 (7):1240-1248. doi: 10.1002/ceat.201900400.

8. Yun Y. -M., Lee M. -K., Im S. -W., Marone A., Trably E., Shin S. -R., Kim M. -G., Cho S. -K., Kim D. -H. Biohydrogen Production from Food Waste: Current Status, Limitations, and Future Perspectives // Bioresource Technology. – 2018; 248:79-87. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.107.

9. Dauptain K., Trably E., Santa-Catalina G., Carrere H. Biomass Acid Pretreatment Impacts on Metabolic Routes and Bacterial Composition of Dark Fermentation Process // Waste Management. – 2024; 181:211-219. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.03.035.

10. Faggian L., Agostini S., Müller B., Gupte A. P., Favaro L. Efficient Production of Hydrogen through Bioaugmentation of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste by the Newly Isolated Clostridium Sartagoforme SA1 // Bioresource Technology. – 2025; 415:131658. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131658.

11. Laikova A., Zhuravleva E., Shekhurdina S., Ivanenko A., Biryuchkova P., Loiko N., Kryukov E., Kovalev A., Kovalev D., He C., Litti Y. The Intracellular Accumulation of Iron Coincides with Enhanced Biohydrogen Production by Thermoanaerobacterium Thermosaccharolyticum // Chemical Engineering Journal. – 2024; 497:154961. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.154961.

12. Chen Y., Yin Y., Wang J. Comparison of Fermentative Hydrogen Production from Glycerol Using Immobilized and Suspended Mixed Cultures // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2021; 46 (13):8986-8994. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.003.

13. Rai P., Pandey A., Pandey A. Evaluation of Low Cost Immobilized Support Matrices in Augmentation of Biohydrogen Potential in Dark Fermentation Process Using B. Licheniformis AP1 // Fuel. – 2022; 310:122275. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122275.

14. Atelge M. R., Atabani A. E., Banu J. R., Krisa D., Kaya M., Eskicioglu C., Kumar G., Lee C., Yildiz Y. Ş., Unalan S., Mohanasundaram R., Duman F. A Critical Review of Pretreatment Technologies to Enhance Anaerobic Digestion and Energy Recovery // Fuel. – 2020; 270:117494. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117494.

15. Ndayisenga F., Yu Z., Zheng J., Wang B., Liang H., Phulpoto I. A., Habiyakare T., Zhou D. Microbial Electrohydrogenesis Cell and Dark Fermentation Integrated System Enhances Biohydrogen Production from Lignocellulosic Agricultural Wastes: Substrate Pretreatment towards Optimization // Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. – 2021; 145:111078. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111078.

16. Kovalev А. A., Kovalev D. A., Panchenko V. A., Zhuravleva E. A., Laikova A. A., Shekhurdina S. V., Ivanenko A. A., Litty Y. V. Energy Efficiency of Hydrogen Production during Dark Fermentation // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2024; 87:171-178. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.08.473.

17. Kovalev A. A., Kovalev D. A., Zhuravleva E. A., Laikova A. A., Shekhurdina S. V., Yu V. L. Pretreatment of Anaerobic Fermentation Feedstock in a Vortex Layer Apparatus: Effect of the Working Chamber Ferromagnetic Core on Biogas Production // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2024; 57:764-768. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.01.053.

18. Kovalev A. A., Kovalev D. A., Karaeva J. V., Vivekanand V., Pareek N., Masakapalli S. K., Osmonov O. M., Zhuravleva E. A., Laikova A. A., Shekhurdina S. V., Litti Y. V. Innovative Organic Waste Pretreatment Approach for Efficient Anaerobic Bioconversion: Effect of Recirculation Ratio at Pre-Processing in Vortex Layer Apparatus on Biogas Production // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2024; 53:208-217. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.12.044.

19. Mikheeva E. R., Katraeva I. V., Kovalev A. A., Biryuchkova P. D., Zhuravleva E. A., Vishnyakova A. V., Litti Y. V. Pretreatment in Vortex Layer Apparatus Boosts Dark Fermentative Hydrogen Production from Cheese Whey // Fermentation. – 2022. doi: 10.3390/fermentation8120674.

20. Kovalev А. А., Kovalev D. А., Panchenko V. A., Zhuravleva Е. А., Laikova А. А., Shekhurdina S. V., Vivekanand V., Litti Y. V. Approbation of an Innovative Method of Pretreatment of Dark Fermentation Feedstocks // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2022; 47 (78):33272-33281. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.08.051.

21. Mikheeva E. R., Katraeva I. V., Kovalev A. A., Kovalev D. A., Litti Y. V. Effects of Pretreatment in a Vortex Layer Apparatus on the Properties of Confectionery Wastewater and Its Dark Fermentation // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2022; 47 (55):23165-23174. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.05.183.

22. Dolat M., Murali R., Zarei M., Zhang R., Pincam T., Liu Y.-Q., Sadhukhan J., Bywater A., Short M. Dynamic Feed Scheduling for Optimised Anaerobic Digestion: An Optimisation Approach for Better Decision-Making to Enhance Revenue and Environmental Benefits // Digital Chemical Engineering. – 2024; 13:100191. doi: 10.1016/j.dche.2024.100191.

23. Xi J., Fang W., Zhang H., Zhang J., Xu H., Zheng M. Promotion of Polyhydroxyalkanoates-Producing Granular Sludge Formation by Lactic Acid Using Anaerobic Dynamic Feeding Process // Journal of Biotechnology. – 2024; 395:84-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.09.010.

24. Ezieke A. H., Serrano A., Peces M., Clarke W., Villa-Gomez D. Effect of Feeding Frequency on the Anaerobic Digestion of Berry Fruit Waste // Waste Management. – 2024; 178:66-75. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.02.011.

25. Yulisa A., Park S. H., Chairattanawat C., Hwang S. Effect of Feeding Strategies on the Start-up of Anaerobic Digestion of Fish Waste // Energy. – 2023; 280:128199. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128199.

26. Dolat M., Murali R., Zhang R., Zarei M., Zhang D., Zhang D., Sadhukhan J., Short M. Optimal Feed Scheduling and Co-Digestion for Anaerobic Digestion Sites with Dynamic Demands. In 34 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering / 15 International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering / Manenti F., Reklaitis G. V. B. T. -C. A. C. E., Eds. // Elsevier. – 2024. – Vol. 53, pp 1705-1710. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-443-28824-1.50285-4.

27. Egwu U., Onyelowe K., Tabraiz S., Johnson E., Mutshow A. D. Investigation of the Effect of Equal and Unequal Feeding Time Intervals on Process Stability and Methane Yield during Anaerobic Digestion Grass Silage // Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. – 2022; 158:112092. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112092.

28. Manser N. D., Mihelcic J. R., Ergas S. J. Semi-Continuous Mesophilic Anaerobic Digester Performance under Variations in Solids Retention Time and Feeding Frequency // Bioresource Technology. – 2015; 190:359-366. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.111.

29. Simonetti S., Collie-Duguid E., Martín C. F., Louis P., Pu J., Smith E., Dionisi D. Effect of Feed Concentration and Residence Time on Anaerobic Fermentation in CSTR and SBR to Produce Short-Chain Organic Acids // Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. – 2023; 11 (5):110461. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2023.110461.

30. He J., Zhang W., Liu X., Xu N., Xiong P. Optimization of Prehydrolysis Time and Substrate Feeding to Improve Ethanol Production by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Furfural Process Residue // Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. – 2016; 122 (5):563-569. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.04.012.

31. Kovalev A. A., Kovalev D. A., Litti Y. V., Katraeva I. V. Biohydrogen Production in the Two-Stage Process of Anaerobic Bioconversion of Organic Matter of Liquid Organic Waste with Recirculation of Digister Effluent // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2020; 45 (51):26831-26839. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.07.124.

32. Carrillo-Reyes J., Buitrón G., Moreno-Andrade I., Tapia-Rodríguez A. C., Palomo-Briones R., Razo-Flores E., Aguilar-Juárez O., Arreola-Vargas J., Bernet N., Braga A. F. M., Braga L., Castelló E., Chatellard L., Etchebehere C., Fuentes L., León-Becerril E., Méndez-Acosta H. O., Ruiz-Filippi G., Tapia-Venegas E., Trably E., Wenzel J., Zaiat M. Standardized Protocol for Determination of Biohydrogen Potential // Methods X. – 2020; 7:100754. doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.11.027.

33. Begmatov S., Dorofeev A., Kadnikov V., Beletsky A., Pimenov N., Ravin N., Mardanov A. The Structure of Microbial Communities of Activated Sludge of Large-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plants in the City of Moscow // Scientific Reports. – 2022; 12. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07132-4.

34. Casanova-Mina A. A., Suárez-Vázquez S. I., Acuña-Askar K., Alfaro-Barbosa J. M., Cruz-López A. Continuous Dark Fermentation by Industrial Food Waste-water: The Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on Hydrogen Production and Microbial Variation // Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. – 2024; 14 (19):23909-23920. doi: 10.1007/s13399-023-04596-w.

35. Elbeshbishy E., Dhar B. R., Nakhla G., Lee H. -S. A Critical Review on Inhibition of Dark Biohydrogen Fermentation // Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. – 2017; 79:656-668. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.075.

36. Liu D., Min B., Angelidaki I. Biohydrogen Production from Household Solid Waste (HSW) at Extreme-Thermophilic Temperature (70 °C) – Influence of pH and Acetate Concentration // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2008; 33 (23):6985-6992. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.08.059.

37. Yin Y., Song W., Wang J. Inhibitory Effect of Acetic Acid on Dark-Fermentative Hydrogen Production // Bioresource Technology. – 2022; 364:128074. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128074.

38. Chen Y., Yin Y., Wang J. Influence of Butyrate on Fermentative Hydrogen Production and Microbial Community Analysis // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2021; 46 (53):26825-26833. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.05.185.

39. Kovalev A. A., Kovalev D. A., Zhuravleva E. A., Katraeva I. V., Panchenko V., Fiore U., Litti Y. V. Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion with Direct Electric Stimulation of Methanogenesis: The Effect of a Physical Barrier to Retain Biomass on the Surface of a Carbon Cloth-Based Biocathode // Renewable Energy. – 2022; 181:966-977. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.09.097.

40. Turon V., Trably E., Fouilland E., Steyer J. - P. Potentialities of Dark Fermentation Effluents as Substrates for Microalgae Growth : A Review // Process Biochemistry. – 2016; 51 (11):1843-1854. doi: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.03.018.

41. Rajesh Banu J., Kavitha S., Yukesh Kannah R., Bhosale R. R., Kumar G. Industrial Wastewater to Biohydrogen: Possibilities towards Successful Biorefinery Route // Bioresource Technology. – 2020; 298:122378. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122378.

42. Hwang M. H., Jang N. J., Hyun S. H., Kim I. S. Anaerobic Bio-Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Fermentation: The Role of pH // Journal of Biotechnology. – 2004; 111 (3):297-309. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.04.024.

43. Sarangi P. K., Nanda S. Biohydrogen Production Through Dark Fermentation // Chemical Engineering & Technology. – 2020; 43 (4):601-612. doi: 10.1002/ceat.201900452.

44. Albuquerque M. M., Sartor G. de B., Martinez-Burgos W. J., Scapini T., Edwiges T., Soccol C. R., Medeiros A. B. P. Biohydrogen Produced via Dark Fermentation : A Review // Methane. – 2024; 3 (3):500-532. doi: 10.3390/methane3030029.

45. Jain R., Panwar N. L., Jain S. K., Gupta T., Agarwal C., Meena S. S. Bio-Hydrogen Production through Dark Fermentation : An Overview // Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. – 2024; 14 (12):12699-12724. doi: 10.1007/s13399-022-03282-7.

46. Laikova A. A., Kovalev A. A., Kovalev D. A., Zhuravleva E. A., Shekhurdina S. V., Litti Y. V. The Feasibility of Single-Stage Biohythane Production in a Semi-Continuous Thermophilic Bioreactor: Influence of Operating Parameters on the Process Kinetics and Microbial Community Dynamics // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2024; 55:1486-1494. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.12.140.

47. Ren Y., Si B., Liu Z., Jiang W., Zhang Y. Promoting Dark Fermentation for Biohydrogen Production: Potential Roles of Iron-Based Additives // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2022; 47 (3):1499-1515. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.10.137.

48. Dessì P., Porca E., Waters N. R., Lakaniemi A.-M., Collins G., Lens P. N. L. Thermophilic versus Mesophilic Dark Fermentation in Xylose-Fed Fluidised Bed Reactors: Biohydrogen Production and Active Microbial Community // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2018; 43 (11):5473-5485. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.158.

49. Mugnai G., Borruso L., Mimmo T., Cesco S., Luongo V., Frunzo L., Fabbricino M., Pirozzi F., Cappitelli F., Villa F. Dynamics of Bacterial Communities and Substrate Conversion during Olive-Mill Waste Dark Fermentation: Prediction of the Metabolic Routes for Hydrogen Production // Bioresource Technology. – 2021; 319:124157. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124157.

50. Xiong Z., Hussain A., Lee J., Lee H.-S. Food Waste Fermentation in a Leach Bed Reactor: Reactor Performance, and Microbial Ecology and Dynamics // Bioresource Technology 2019; 274:153-161. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.066.

51. Tang T., Chen Y., Liu M., Du Y., Tan Y. Effect of PH on the Performance of Hydrogen Production by Dark Fermentation Coupled Denitrification // Environmental Research. – 2022; 208:112663. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112663.

52. Bundhoo M. A. Z., Mohee R., Hassan M. A. Effects of Pre-Treatment Technologies on Dark Fermentative Biohydrogen Production : A Review // Journal of Environmental Management. – 2015; 157:20-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.04.006.

53. Gomez-Romero J., Gonzalez-Garcia A., Chairez I., Torres L., García-Peña E. I. Selective Adaptation of an Anaerobic Microbial Community: Biohydrogen Production by Co-Digestion of Cheese Whey and Vegetables Fruit Waste // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2014; 39 (24):12541-12550. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.06.050.

54. Litti Y. V., Kovalev D. A., Kovalev A. A., Merkel A. Y., Vishnyakova A. V., Russkova Y. I., Nozhevnikova A. N. Auto-Selection of Microorganisms of Sewage Sludge Used as an Inoculum for Fermentative Hydrogen Production from Different Substrates // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2021; 46 (58):29834-29845. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.06.174.

55. Kovalev A. A., Kovalev D. A., Nozhevnikova A. N., Zhuravleva E. A., Katraeva I. V., Grigoriev V. S., Litti Y. V. Effect of Low Digestate Recirculation Ratio on Biofuel and Bioenergy Recovery in a Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion Process // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2021; 46 (80):39688-39699. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.09.239.

56. Zhang M., Zhang L., Tian S., Zhu S., Chen Z., Si H. The Effect of Zero-Valent Iron/Fesup>3+</sup> Coupling and Reuse on the Properties of Anoxic Sludge // Journal of Cleaner Production 2022; 344:131031. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131031.

57. Arisht S. N., Roslan R., Gie G. A., Mahmod S. S., Sajab M. S., Lay C.-H., Wu S. -Y., Ding G. -T., Jamali N. S., Jahim J. M., Abdul P. M. Effect of Nano Zero-Valent Iron (NZVI) on Biohydrogen Production in Anaerobic Fermentation of Oil Palm Frond Juice Using Clostridium Butyricum JKT37 // Biomass and Bioenergy. – 2021; 154:106270. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2021.106270.

58. Yin Y., Wang J. Enhanced Biohydrogen Production from Macroalgae by Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles: Insights into Microbial and Metabolites Distribution // Bioresource Technology. – 2019; 282:110-117. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.128.

59. Andronikou M., Christoforou P., Constantinou D., Charalambous P., G. Samanides C., Karachaliou P., Vyrides I. Critical Role of Bicarbonate in Zero-Valent Iron for Hydrogen Generation and Biogas Upgrading in Anaerobic Digestion // Bioresource Technology. – 2025; 132236. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132236.