Изучение закономерностей конвективного теплообмена для оптимизации процессов получения водорода из углеводов

В этом исследовании рассматриваются принципы конвективного теплообмена при сверхкритическом давлении для оптимизации производства водорода путем термокаталитического и термохимического разложения углеводородов. Экспериментальные исследования с использованием н-гептана, толуола и бензола выявили ключевые механизмы, улучшающие теплопередачу, которые имеют решающее значение для повышения эффективности производства водорода.

Результаты показывают, что при высокой плотности теплового потока и температуре стенок реактора ламинарный пограничный слой разрушается, что приводит к активному выделению газообразного водорода, сопровождающемуся резким увеличением коэффициента теплопередачи. Термокаталитическое разложение углеводородов является фундаментальным процессом в современной водородной энергетике, позволяющим получать водород без CO₂.

В процессе разложения молекулы углеводородов подвергаются высокотемпературному воздействию в присутствии катализаторов, таких как соединения никеля и железа, что ускоряет реакции и увеличивает выход водорода. Этот метод широко применяется в производстве водорода, синтезе углеродных материалов, разработке топливных технологий и нефтехимической переработке. Водород, полученный в результате этого процесса, может быть использован в топливных элементах и энергетических системах, снижая зависимость от традиционных источников энергии.

Эти результаты имеют решающее значение для развития промышленных технологий с высокой энергоэффективностью, обеспечения надежного производства водорода и его интеграции в различные отрасли промышленности.

Основные выводы исследования: в этой статье представлен углубленный анализ принципов конвективного теплообмена для совершенствования методов производства водорода. Тщательный обзор литературы и вклад известных ученых – Т. Н. Везироглу, А. Л. Гусева, С. В. Алексеенко, Н. В. Черняка, Б. С. Петухова, Д. И. Словецкого, Н. А. Булычева и других – освещает достижения в области водородных технологий и теплофизики.

Основные обсуждаемые темы:

1. Основные принципы термокаталитического разложения углеводородов при высоких температурах.
2. Экспериментальный анализ теплопередачи в н-гептане, толуоле и бензоле в сверхкритических условиях.
3. Стратегии коммерциализации водородных технологий, включая глобальные проекты, такие как NEOM, NortH2 и HyNet.
4. Проблемы транспортировки и хранения водорода с акцентом на безопасность инфраструктуры.
5. Катализаторы, используемые в реакциях разложения углеводородов, и перспективы дальнейшего развития.
6. Международные партнерства и коллаборации, включая исследовательские инициативы России и Черногории.

Исследование подкреплено экспериментальными данными и графиками, демонстрирующими, как сверхкритические параметры влияют на эффективность теплопередачи и выделение водорода. Кроме того, в документе разъясняются методики расчета коэффициентов теплопередачи и оценки погрешностей измерений.

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34. A. L. Gusev, V. M. Belousov, I. V. Bacherikova, L. V. Lyashenko, E. V. Rozhkova. Hydrogen Sensor for Cryogenic vacuum objects / Hydrogen Materials Science and Chemistry of Metal Hydrides. – Pp. 41-47, NATO Science Series. Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry. – Vol. 71. Springer, Dordrecht. Editors by M. D. Hampton, D. V. Schur, S. Yu. Zaginaichenko and V. I. Trefilov. – https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-010-0558-6_5.

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36. Gusev A. L. Low-temperature regeneration of cryoadsorption devices in the thermal insulation cavity of a cryogenic tank. Issues of Atomic Science and Technology. Ser.: Vacuum, Pure Materials, Superconductors. – 1999. – Vol. 1(9), pp. 19-27.

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