Research on the production of clean electric energy by combining renewable energy sources and the production of green hydrogen

The scientific article describes the features of circular heat generation and the production of clean electrical energy using renewable and non-renewable energy sources. The main concept is aimed at combining a wind power plant with combined energy and waste recycling facilities. The combined installation includes a wind generator combined with an electrical energy source. The waste treatment plant performs the function of recycling, neutralization and re-use. Waste disposal can be high-temperature, based on thermal decomposition, using plasma decomposition. The capacity of the wind power plant under consideration is 50 MW, a combined installation of 750 MW, and a waste treatment plant of 220 MW.
The study combines the use of energy resources with energy installations. This creates the possibility of producing environmentally friendly hydrogen, with increased productivity, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, savings in fuel resources, and the possibility of using and disposing of waste.
It takes into account the assessment of technical and economic indicators, the assessment of the environmental impact of combining the described installations. The dependence of the result on technical efforts is revealed according to the Pareto principle. Stochastic modeling is used to analyze systems based on statistical data. The study describes the balance between infrastructure quality and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere.
The use of hydrogen in power plants ensures environmental safety, minimizes leakage risks, provides a high percentage of efficiency and reduces specific fuel consumption. However, an increase in hydrogen consumption leads to a change in the characteristics of the system and an increase in the cost of structural elements.
The reduction of carbon dioxide emissions is associated with the transition to the production of pure hydrogen. The IEA report «Zero Emissions by 2050» describes a reduction in the price of low-emission hydrogen to USD 2-9 per 1 kg by 2030. Wood Mackenzie (WoodMac), in its 2021 report, predicts the price of hydrogen to be below $1 per 1 kg by 2030. A report by Rethink Energy in 2022 stated the cost of green hydrogen by 2030 to be just over $1 per 1 kg. Argus analysts describe the prospect of a $1,3 price per 1 kg of hydrogen by 2030.
Obtaining pure hydrogen is complicated by the following factors: the high cost of hydrogen, the increased cost of building a hydrogen production plant, the logistical problem, and the storage problem. The International Energy Agency predicts a five-fold increase in demand for the use of hydrogen by 2050. Hydrogen consumption can reach up to 350 million tons per year, of which 70% will be green hydrogen.
Pure hydrogen in industry can be obtained by the following methods: steam conversion of methane, electrolysis of water and gasification of coal. Steam conversion of methane is an affordable and highly efficient technology with a hydrogen output purity of up to 98%. The disadvantage is the emission of carbon dioxide during the gas production process. The production of hydrogen through the process of water electrolysis is environmentally friendly, affordable, with a hydrogen output purity of up to 99%. One of the most common methods of producing pure hydrogen is electrolysis in industrial installations. The output is a high-quality product without impurities. The plant can produce not only hydrogen, but also other chemical compounds. Electrolysis in combination with solar or wind energy is environmentally friendly. The disadvantage of this method is the high cost and energy consumption. The method of producing hydrogen by coal gasification is the most environmentally unecological method, due to significant emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The purity of the hydrogen at the outlet is approximately 74%.
Switching production to pure hydrogen requires additional costs, but hydrogen production using renewable energy sources is an economically viable and affordable option. The hydrogen storage procedure is more economical than transportation. Compressed hydrogen is used for storage, and underground storage facilities may be used. When transporting hydrogen, losses occur due to low density, and the problem arises of pre-cooling the vessels that are subsequently filled with gas.
The introduction of pure hydrogen production technology is in demand. The average estimated cost of producing 1 kg of pure hydrogen tends to the cost of traditional energy sources. This helps to reduce the global level of carbon dioxide pollution in the atmosphere.

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