NANOSTRUCTURED ELECTROCATALYSTS BASED ON PLATINUM AND NICKEL FOR FUEL CELLS WITH SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE, SYNTHESISED BY MAGNETRON-ION SPUTTERING IN A PULSE MODE

Binary catalysts based on platinum and nickel on Vulcan XC-72 carbon carrier were synthesized by magnetronion sputtering in an impulse mode with 50:50 and 70:30 Pt:Ni atomic ratio (metal catalyst content was 38,5 and 39,1% Wt). Their structure and electrochemical characteristics were investigated. Bimetallic nanoparticles have a round or spherical shape. They are uniformly distributed and fixed on the surface of carbon carrier, and their average size ranges from 2,7 to 8 nm. The crystal lattice of these nanoparticles is cubic, and catalysts represent a solid solution of a cluster type. It was shown that binary PtNi catalysts have characteristics which are not worse than characteristics of platinum catalysts (40,2% Wt.). A special feature of these catalysts is their relatively long (14-16 hours) “activation” accompanied by the growth of a current at a constant potential that is caused by partial etching of nickel from the catalyst surface. Additional functionalization of platinum-nickel electrocatalyst based on partial etching of nickel in hydrochloric acid also provides to increase activity of metal nanoparticles.

топливный элемент, твердый полимерный электролит, наноструктурированный биметаллический электрокатализатор, магнетронное напыление, реакция восстановления кислорода, платина, никель, fuel cell, solid polymer electrolyte, nanostructured bimetallic electrocatalyst, magnetron sputtering, reaction of oxygen reduction, platinum, nickel

1. Lihui Ou. The origin of enhanced electrocatalytic activity of Pt-M (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and W) alloys in PEM fuel cell cathodes: A DFT computational study // Computational and Theoretical Chemistry. 2014. Vol. 1048, 15 November. P. 69-76.

2. Богдановская В.А., Тарасевич М.Р., Жутаева Г.В., Кузнецова Л.Н., Радина М.В., Резникова Л.А. Электрокаталитическая активность и коррозионная стабильность разработанных триметаллических PtM1M2 (M = Co, Cr) катодных катализаторов // Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» (ISJAEE). 2008. № 10. С. 164-175.

3. Беленов С.В., Гутерман В.Е. Состав, структура и коррозионная стабильность PtxNi/C электрокатализаторов с различной микроструктурой // Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» (ISJAEE). 2011. № 9. С. 105-110.

4. Yong-Hun Cho, Tae-Yeol Jeon, Ju Wan Lim, Yoon-Hwan Cho, Minjeh Ahnb, Namgee Jung, Sung Jong Yoo, Won-Sub Yoon, Yung-Eun Sung. Performance and stability characteristics of MEAs with carbon-supported Pt and Pt1Ni1 nanoparticles as cathode catalysts in PEM fuel cell // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2011. Vol. 36. Issue 7, April. P. 4394-4399.

5. Patent Application Publication US 2006/0280997 PtNi based supported electrocatalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cell having CO tolerance / Duck-young Yoo, Youngmin Liang, Yanling Qiu, Zhigun Tian, Huamin Zhang, Baolian Yi // 14.12.2006.

6. Глухов А. С., Федотов А. А., Григорьев С. А., Кулешов Н.В. Магнетронно-ионное распыление как метод синтеза катализаторов для электрохимических систем с твердополимерным электролитом // Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» (ISJAEE). 2012. № 4 (108). С. 101-107.

7. Grigoriev S.A., Millet P., Fateev V.N. Evaluation of carbon-supported Pt and Pd nanoparticles for the hydrogen evolution reaction in PEM water electrolysers // Journal of Power Sources. 2008. Vol. 177. Issue 2, March. P. 281-285.

8. Гутерман В.E., Беленов С.В., Ластовина Т.А., Фокина Е.П., Пруцакова Н.В., Константинова Я.Б. Микроструктура и электрохимически активная пло щадь поверхности PtM/C электрокатализаторов // Электрохимия. 2011. Т. 47, № 8. С. 997-1004.

9. Paulus U. A. Oxygen reduction on carbon- supported Pt-Ni and Pt-Co alloy catalysts / U. A. Paulus, A. Wokaum, G. G. Scherer, T. J. Schmidt, V. Stamenkovic, V. Radmilovic, N. M. Markovic, P. N. Ross // J. Phys. Chem. B. 2002. Vol. 106, № 16. P. 4181-4191.

10. Jalan V. Importance of interatomic spacing in catalytic reduction of oxygen in phosphoric acid / V. Jalan, E. J. Taylor // J. Electrochem. Soc. 1983. Vol. 130. P. 2299-2302.

11. Toda T. Enhancement of the electrocatalytic O2 reduction on Pt-Fe alloys / Toda T., Igarashi H., Watanabe M. // J. Electroanalyt. Chem. 1999. Vol. 460. P. 258-262.

12. Grigoriev S.A., Porembskiy V.I., Fateev V.N. Pure hydrogen production by PEM electrolysis for hydrogen energy // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2006. Vol. 31. P. 171-175.

13. Гиллербранд В.Ф., Лендель Г.Э., Брант Г.А., Гофран Д.И. Практическое руководство по неорганическом анализ. Москва: Госхимиздат, 1957. С. 420-421.