HYDROGEN POWER PLANTS FOR AIRCRAFT

The paper considers the prospects of using fuel cells as a source of energy for aircraft. For their supply, it is suggested to use hydrogen accumulation systems based on aluminum hydrides which are the most safe and efficient in terms of energy capacity, extraction temperature. The technologies for obtaining materials based on aluminum hydrides can be transferred from previously developed technologies of the production of electrolytic capacitors. The brief comparative analysis of existing fuels and forms of fuel storage is given. The paper substantiates the use of aluminum for the accumulation of hydrogen in the form of metal hydride. The most detailed consideration is given to the anodic treatment of aluminum, because the formation of aluminum hydride needs a foil with a high degree of surface development. A high degree of development of the material surface makes it possible to carry out processes of rapid charging of the material with hydrogen ions in the formation of aluminum hydrides. The presence of pores on the foil surface provides an increase in the degree of adaptation of the functional properties of the drive to the operating modes of the power plant. This property is due to the ability to flexibly control the process of the pore structure formation of a given morphology providing the necessary reduction effect. The paper presents the basic positions determining the peculiarity of the anodic processing of aluminum foil. These positions deal with the physicochemical properties of the pure aluminum and its compounds, oxides and hydrides, and their behavior under the conditions of the electrochemical reactions. Moreover, the paper indicates the possibility of parallel processes on electrodes: the oxidation and reduction of water, which are necessary condition for ensuring the self-consistent processes in the processing of aluminum. The experimental data have been obtained using the internal friction devices. We have shown the prospects of using of the aluminum hydrides in aviation and substantiated the solution to energy problems in aviation on the basis of deepening and expanding the scale of research into hydrogen energy technologi es. The results of the work can be used for the technology of volumetric storage and transport of electric energy.

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