Физические методы повышение эффективности испарения и конденсации в испарительном солнечном дистилляторе

Повышение эффективности использования солнечной энергии для опреснения соленой и загрязненной воды является актуальной задачей для многих регионов нашей планеты. Большие успехи, достигнутые в этой сфере с использованием методов ультрафильтрации и обратного осмоса, имеют высокую энергоемкость технологий, обеспечение которой с использованием фотоэлектрических преобразователей солнечной энергии является чрезвычайно дорогостоящим. Создание новых технологий опреснения, требующих малых расходов электрической энергии требует применения других физических механизмов. Перспективным является совместное использование методов термической дистилляции с интенсификацией процессов испарения и конденсации малоэнергоемкими ультразвукомыми диспергаторами и термоэлектрическими холодильниками. В данной работе приведены результаты экспериментального исследования, эффекта улучшения процессов испарения и конденсации внутри одиночного солнечного дистиллятора с помощью ультразвуковых увлажнителей, расположенных в воде бассейна и установки в верхней части солнечного дистиллятора конденсатора паров, охлаждаемого термоэлектрическими элементами Пельтье. Результаты показали, что производительность модифицированного солнечного дистиллятора увеличилась на 124% по сравнению с традиционным солнечным дистиллятором.

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