Potential possibilities of hydrogen storage in solid-state materials

                A variant of a hydrogen battery based on electrochemical systems has been studied. Nickel was used as the base, as a material with a greater tendency to absorb hydrogen. Ni_x-В_y-H(D)_z, composites have been synthesized electrochemically, in which, with an increase in the boron content, the solubility of the incorporated hydrogen improves. Boron is a trap for hydrogen atoms in Ni-B electrochemical composites.

                The analysis of data related to the study of the internal friction of pure boron filaments is carried out. The presence of low-temperature peaks of internal friction of boron filaments is shown. The nature of the temperature dependence of internal friction for boron and the temperature dependence of hydrogen extraction from Nix-By-Hz electrochemical systems are compared. The presence of relaxation vibrations in structures containing boron causes the free flow of hydrogen from these systems at room temperature. An increase in the concentration of boron in the system should lead to an increase in the magnitude of the peak of internal friction and to its displacement to a region of lower temperatures, unlike pure nickel.

                In the presence of boron, the hydrogen permeability of nickel is reduced, since tensile stresses occur in the vicinity of the substitution impurity of a small atomic radius – boron embedded in the FCC lattice of nickel. Hydrogen accumulates near boron to a greater extent than near nickel. The interaction potential of a hydrogen atom with an impurity trap, a boron atom, is estimated at 0.42 eV.

The influence of boron concentration on the structure of nickel-boron-hydrogen composites is substantiated. An increase in the concentration of the alloying component boron in nickel increases the dispersion, leads to the alignment of the surface profile and the formation of structures of the nanoscale range.

                The results of studies of the kinetics of hydrogen desorption from Ni-B electrochemical composites are presented. The hydrogen content in Ni_x-B_y-H_z samples (9 at. % boron), measured by the vacuum extraction method, was 600 cm³ /100 g, which is significantly higher than the corresponding value for electrochemical nickel ~100 cm³ /100 g.

                The spectra of thermal desorption of deuterium from Ni–B composites pre-implanted with various doses of deuterium ions at T~100 K have been studied. It has been established that the structure of the deuterium thermal desorption spectrum is a function of the implantation dose. The deuterium content for nickel corresponds to the ratio Ni:D = 1:1, and for the composite Ni₉₅B₅ [Ni₉₅:B₅] :D = 1:1,25. For nickel, a clearly defined peak is formed with a maximum temperature of 325 K. For the Ni–B composite, the thermal desorption spectrum has a blurred peak with a maximum temperature of 325 K and a deuterium desorption region in the temperature range of 250-500 K.

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