Определение энергетической эффективности жизненных циклов ветроэлектростанций по укрупнённым показателям затрат энергии

   В статье приведена методика определения энергоэффективности жизненного цикла ветроэлектростанций (ВЭС) по укрупнённым показателям затрат энергии. Дано обоснование использования укрупнённых показателей для определения затрат энергии в течение жизненного цикла ВЭС. Приведена классификация элементов ветроэнергетических установок (ВЭУ) и ВЭС по параметрам и техническим характеристикам элементов с последующим разделением на группы, для которых определены укрупнённые показатели затрат энергии. В рамках методики разработан алгоритм определения энергетических затрат на производство элементов ВЭУ и ВЭС и предложены формулы для их расчета в течение жизненного цикла ВЭС. В рамках апробации методики были рассчитаны затраты энергии в течение жизненного цикла двух ВЭС с ВЭУ, отличающимися по параметрам и техническим характеристикам элементов, и определена их энергоэффективность. Дополнительно в статье приведены данные, из которых следует, что использование накопителя водорода в составе ВЭC позволяет эффективно использовать энергию в периоды простоев и повысить коэффициент полезного действия установки на 25-30 %. Ветроводородная электростанция позволяет не только аккумулировать избыточную энергию, но и экономить ресурс ВЭУ. Когда запас энергии в водородной батарее приближается к полному, часть ВЭУ ветроводородной электростанции может автоматически временно останавливаться в заданном порядке.

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