Современные тенденции водородной энергетики и ее перспективы в Казахстане

Водородная энергетика в последние годы приобретает все большую популярность. Водород может быть использован для накопления, хранения и доставки энергии, и рассматривается в качестве перспективного энергоносителя в рамках декарбонизации энергетики. Основными преимуществами водорода являются возможность его получения из различных источников и отсутствие выбросов углекислого газа при его использовании в качестве энергоносителя. В связи с этим, развитые страны запускают собственные стратегии развития водородной энергетики, пытаясь удовлетворить ежегодно возрастающий спрос на чистую энергию. Для Казахстана водородная энергетика приобретает все большее значение, учитывая его приверженность декарбонизации экономики и достижению углеродной нейтральности к 2060 г.

В настоящей статье приведены результаты проведенного анализа текущего состояния водородной энергетики в мире и в Казахстане в том числе, методов получения водорода, спроса на водород в будущем, а также водородных стратегий крупнейших развитых стран. Показано, что основными источниками выбросов парниковых газов в Казахстане является энергетическая и промышленная деятельность, которые и должны стать объектом внедрения водородных технологий. Также, был отмечен высокий потенциал Казахстана стать крупным поставщиком зеленого и голубого водорода ввиду достаточных запасов углеводородов и климатических условий для развития ВИЭ.

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