Оценка эффективности применения угольной ткани в качестве материала-носителя анаэробных биофильтров в период запуска при переработке жидкой фракции эффлюента темновой ферментации органических отходов АПК

Производство и накопление различных органических отходов ежегодно растёт, представляя угрозу человечеству и окружающей среде: отходы, попадая на свалку, производят климатически активные газы и фильтруются в почву и водные бассейны. Анаэробное сбраживание является хорошо известным способом биологической конверсии органических отходов животноводческих комплексов. Двухстадийное анаэробное сбраживание (ДАС) с получением водороди метансодержащего биогаза, соответственно в первом (кислотогенном) и втором (метаногенном) реакторе представляет собой перспективную технологию для более полной материальной и энергетической конверсии органического вещества отходов. Хотя ДАС не является новым процессом, информация о стабильности процесса и эффективных условиях эксплуатации ограничена и часто противоречива. В данной работе изучено влияние угольной ткани в качестве материала-носителя биомассы на эффективность термофильного метаногенеза жидкой фракции эффлюента темновой ферментации при переработке модели органических отходов АПК в период запуска системы. Нагрузка по органическому веществу в реакторе темновой ферментации (ТФ) была постоянной (24 г ОВ/(л сут)), в то время как в метаногенных анаэробных биофильтрах изменялась путем соответствующего изменения гидравлического времени удержания (ГВУ) от 1,6 до 3,2 суток. Среднее содержание ХПК в инфлюенте анаэробных биофильтров составило 7400 мг ХПК/л. В среднем, объемный выход водорода был 1,35 л/(л сут), а удельный выход водорода 56,2 мл/ г ОВ были достигнуты при содержании водорода в биогазе 47,9% и рН в реакторе ТФ 4,22. Угольная ткань способствовала увеличению выхода метана в период запуска и позволила увеличить объемный выход метана в среднем на 25% на стационарных режимах при ГВУ 3,2 и 2 суток. При ГВУ 1,6 суток объемный выход метана был больше на 70% в реакторе с угольной тканью, однако оба реактора работали нестабильно. Следует отметить, что анаэробные биофильтры в качестве инфлюента использовали жидкую фракцию эффлюента темновой ферментации, которая является сложным субстратом ввиду низкого рН.

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