SYNTHETIC CATALYTIC MATERIALS AND THE NATURAL ORIGIN BASED CATALYSTS ON SILICATE FIBROUS MATRIX IN THE REACTION OF NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CONVERSION

The paper presents comparative results of studies of two types of catalytic materials effectiveness in the reaction of steam reforming of methane. The first type of such material was developed by the authors to the fiberglass woven basis catalysts (fiberglass woven catalysts - FGWC). FGWC-item is a product made from the amorphous silicate glass (the silica component carrier was SiO₂ and its content was 55-98 wt.%) in the form of panels or grids with different ways of textile activated catalytic metal components (Pt, Pd, Ag, Cr, Ni, Mn, Co and others), the set and value of which are determined by the requirements of each particular catalytic process. In the experiments the FGWC-samples were used with mesh netting and activated with platinum (Pt content from 0.10 to 0.15 wt.%). At the temperature of 800⁰C and methane flow of 20 cm³/min, its conversion reaches maximum at 85% with a hydrogen yield of 75 %. Life tests of stability of steam reforming process of methane on developed FGWC catalysts at the temperatures of 700-800°C in the harsh conditions of periodic "start/stop" modes within a few months confirmed the stability of conversion with release of hydrogen at 50%. Fluids, containing CH₄+H₂O, are one of the most common types of fluids in the earth’s lithosphere. Besides that, direct experimental investigation of catalytic activity of serpentinite (widespread rocks of the earth’s crust) in relation to the reaction of steam reforming of methane - reaction of "synthesis gas" formation was carried out. Serpentinite, due to its composition (MgO-SiO₂ - based and containing the catalytically active components - Fe, Ni, Cr) and structure (fine fiber, finely porous matrix), is a very close analog to the artificial catalytic materials traditionally used in industrial catalysis. The main results of experiments is follows: methane conversion to hydrogen increases with temperature and at 825 C is 14 %; methane conversion to CO and CO₂ at the same temperature is 3 % for each component; an unexpected result of the experiments was qualitative detection of CH₃OH and C₂H₅OH in the products of conversion. In the process of steam reforming of methane at standard catalysts oxygen-containing hydrocarbons are not formed. Experimental results suggest the need to deploy of systematic studies of the catalytic properties of wide range of the earth’s crust rocks in relation to the various routes of chemical transformations of the fluid’s components and thus to the further development of the little studied trends in Geochemistry - "catalytic Geochemistry".

синтетические катализаторы, природные катализаторы, серпентинит, стекловолокнистые тканые катализаторы (СВТК) с различными наполнителями, каталитический реактор, конверсия природного газа, synthetic catalysts, natural catalysts, serpentinite, fiberglass woven catalysts with various fillings, a catalytic reactor, the conversion of natural gas

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