The article describes the materials research and modeling of flexible separation processes. As a method for separation of ion exchange processes were used.

The problem of accumulation and treatment of irradiated nuclear graphite of uranium-graphite reactors in the low-temperature plasma was considered in the work. It is shown that the degree of extraction of radioactive carbon affects at least three processes: thermal diffusion, barodiffusion, spin separation. The reason for reducing the isotope effect due to oxidation of the dispersed phase on the walls of plasma chemical reactor was explained. The method of localization of high-flow and reduce the effect of the reverse diffusion were proposed. 

In the paper, the investigation of new advanced cascades of four-flow separating elements with three withdrawals has been presented. The numerical calculation of main parameters of different cascade schemes of such  separating elements has been carried out. The efficiency analysis of a work of considered cascade schemes has been made based on obtained data about the distribution of matter flow and the distribution of component concentrations of a work mixture in each point of cascade.  The biggest performance coefficient η has the counter-current symmetric connection scheme with extended zones of additional depletion. It has been demonstrated that the performance coefficient for this scheme does depend neither on a number of separating elements in cascade nor on characteristics of separating process. The permanence of coefficient η allows us to evaluate a size of the cascade for given external parameters, what has a practical reason under planning of energy level consumption of a future separation plant.

Distribution of the main trace microelements between thermal treatment products of some coals of Kuznetsk Basin in oxidizing and noble-gas environments was studied by means of the neutron-activation analysis (NAA). According to the results of NAA ashes resulting from burning mineral coal, gas-coal, forge coal and low-caking coal at 750-1000 °С in the atmosphere there is 0.2-0.3% of the  total of rare elements, including 0.018-0.028% of Sb+Zn+Cr+Co+Ba+Sr, 100-450 ppm of Hf+Mo+Cs+Sc+Rb+Ta+rare elements, 6-42 ppm of U+Th, 0.03-0.07 ppm of Au+Ir. When coals are baked in the environment of N2 at the temperature of 700 °С, coal tars with such concentrated microelements as Sb (up to 1330 ppm), Zn (up to 370 ppm), Cr (up to 100-160 ppm), Au+Ir (up to 5.6 ppm) and 2.2-7.4 ppm of Ag are produced. It is shown that in dry residues of exhaust gases recovery, when all types of coals are burnt in nitrogen, Zn (40-205 ppm) and Cr (15-156 ppm) concentrate, while the content of Au and Ir in residues of forge coal and low-caking coal is 6.57 and 1.17 g/t correspondingly. The main peculiarity of burning mentioned types of coals in any gas environment is loss of micro elements not traced in the tars and residues of exhaust gases sluicing, which is equal to 16-34% from the initial amount in coals.  

This article sets out the methodology of calculation of the separation cascade from the position of the graph theory. This approach allows us to generalize some previously known of the theory of separation of logical complement for the practice. 

It is known that the optimal modes of gas centrifuge (GC) cascades are violated occurring the non-stationary hydraulic processes for a separation of multicomponent isotope mixtures. The perturbation arise and lead to violations of operating specifications and intolerable overloads equipment. The non-stationary hydraulic processes affect the cascade efficiency and the quality of the product. The GC cascades for the separation of multicomponent isotope mixtures have insignificant gas content, and, as a consequence, low inertia. It leads to increased influence of non-stationary processes on the cascade efficiency. In this regard, an important urgent task is the comprehensive investigation and modeling of these processes. We solved this problem by creating mathematical model and software for it. The separation stage of the GC cascade is presented in the form of four dedicated object (a feed manifold, GC, a heavy fraction manifold and a light fraction manifold). The calculation of non-stationary hydraulic amounts to replacing the first order differential equations by difference equations of the implicit Euler scheme [1] and the decision obtained by non-linear algebraic equations. The calculation is iteratively performed; the pressures and  flow are determined in all objects at each time step, satisfying  the equation of material balance in the cascade. These values must satisfy the balance of substances in the GC cascade. The developed mathematical model was tested for isotope separation of Si, Xe, Ni, W. The deviation of the calculated and actual values was 7.5%. As a result, this mathematical model is universal for calculation of hydraulic parameters of GC cascades for separation of multicomponent isotope mixtures by using different working substances. 

The paper presents results of the start-up and studies of neutron-physical characteristics of the critical facility core with low-enriched fuel. 

The results of measurement and the comparative analysis of the density of radon flux (RF), the volume activity of radon in soil pore space and permeability of soils (the Czech Republic) are shown in this article. It is shown that the measured values are highly volatile, which means that the used methods for estimating radon require further development. 

The paper shows the principle possibility of isotope effects in a plasma arc. It is shown that the constant external magnetic field makes it possible to increase the ratio of isotope separation with magnetic and nonmagnetic nuclei in the plasma-chemical reactions between the gas and condensed phases.

The ability to use carbon nanoscale substances, such as fullerenes, nanotubes, nanofibers and technical carbon for hydrogen storage has been evaluated in this paper. For considered substances the limit of sorption capacity of hydrogen for the chemical and physical nature for the sorption has been calculated. 

The results of studies of the effect of graphene similar materials and nickel-containing composites on process of reversible hydrogenation of magnesium are presented.

This paper presents aerogel SiO2–TiO2composites used for thermal protection of biomass-to-hydrogen hydrothermal reactor and the method of their production. The technology of aerogel composites production includes the following stages: ion exchange of liquid Na-glass leading to formation of hydrosol silica; hydrosol concentration; formation and maturing of hydrogel; production of SiO2-TiO2alcogel; modification of its surface; subcritical drying of alcogel leading to formation ofSiO2-TiO2 ambigel; its heat treatment, granulating and classification. The influence of the infrared opacifier (titania) and the heat treatment temperature of SiO2-TiO2composite on its structural and thermal characteristics is investigated. Possibilities of increasing the hydrogen yield by reduction of energy losses using vacuum thermal insulation for reactor walls are examined.  

This work is devoted to development of scientific and technological bases of creation of the power plant. The aluminum used as fuel, and an oxidizer - low concentrated aqueous potassium hydroxide solution. In this paper a study was conducted of the oxidation of particulate (granules and particles) of aluminum in aqueous potassium hydroxide solution with a relatively low values, while the impact on the mechanical mixing reaction space. Experiments were conducted under these concentrations of alkali and stirring speeds, which in themselves would not lead to signif-icant rate of oxidation and the degree of conversion of aluminum. The aim of this work is to establish synergies between the two types of activation. The objectives is to establish the degree of conversion depending aluminum (yield hydrogen) on parameters such as the volume ratio of aqueous solution to the weight of alumina (α), the concentration of alkali in solution form aluminum particles, agitation speed, as well as chemical purity of the starting reactants. 

In the cathode active layer of a fuel cell with a solid polymer electrolyte process of current generation takes place in support grains. The speed of this process essentially depends on a degree of support grains pores filling with water. Calculations show, if support grains pores are completely filled with water, the overall current value in the cathode active layer much less rather in the case when pores partially or even completely free of water. The last variant of a cathode active layer functioning is realized when the speed of emptiness process in pores from moisture due to evaporation exceeds the rate of flooding process of ones with water in the process of current generation. To increase the overall current is possible by increasing a degree of heating-up of the cathode active layer. It is desirable that the temperature of the active layer Ts as much as possible exceed the temperature T, which the fuel cell operates. In this study by method of computer simulation a specific example of determining the overall current value in the cathode active layer is presented. It is shown how overall current increase if magnify difference of temperature Ts–T. 

The surface, structure and electrochemical properties of a polypropylene track membranes with a polymer layer obtained by electron beam dispersion of polytetrafluoroethylene in vacuum has been studied. It has been found that the deposition of the polytetrafluoroethylene layer on the surface leads to the creation of composite membranes that exhibit in electrolyte solutions conductance asymmetry, the rectification effect similar to the p–n junction in semiconductors. It is shown that the observed effect of conductivity asymmetry is caused by a significant decrease in the diameter of pores in the deposited polymer layer and a change in the pore geometry, same as existence of an interface between the initial membrane and polytetrafluoroethylene layer.

The photoluminescence spectra of porous silicon layers obtained by photoelectrochemical etching using a He-Ne laser are discussed. Por-Si is promising material for improving the efficiency of solar cells.

The article shows results of research of obtaining uranium and plutonium oxides in air plasma with burning water-organic compositions based on nitrate solutions and ethanol. Authors estimated formulations of burning compositions and process modes that provide direct and energy-efficient obtaining oxide compositions UO2–PuO2. Findings could be used to create plasma technology of obtaining homogenous uranium and plutonium oxide compounds.

The article shows investigation in water-salt waste treatment by usage plasma flow. It is shown that compositions which had lower caloric value more than 8.4 MJ/kg and adiabatic combustion temperature of about 1200 °С provide energy-efficient process occurrence. Authors have obtained calculated results that show agreement with experimental data.

In article the comparative analysis recycling and processings of firmly household waste is considered. Technical and economic and ecological indicators of technologies of neutralization and recycling of firmly household waste in area savings of resources at the expense of application of highly effective and inexpensive technologies are resulted. In a basis are put innovative technology a turnaround resource cycle of “green” economy in industrialization. Development of highly effective technological systems of the reference with resources, the newest transport logistics and consumption of secondary raw materials will allow to lower requirement for fossil raw materials sharply. To reduce material capacity of a national product, the emissions of polluting substances formed at burning of a waste, to “improve” territories of Turkmenistan. To raise a total national product, and also to solve power, economic, ecological, social problems of possibility of softening of climate change and to be recognized political support of the population for realization of government programs of a sustainable development of regions and to make active world community parts in the mechanism of pure development of biosphere.

The article shows developed kinetic model to treat dispersed water-salt wastes in air plasma flow. Compositions were taken in dispersed combustible form. Authors show that limiting stage is solvent (water) evaporation (for compositions which had lower caloric value more than 8.4 MJ/kg and adiabatic combustion temperature of about 1500 K). Influence pattern of initial plasma flow and drop parameters were determined to find out their dependence on kinetic of evaporation. 

It is shown the current ways of water treatment which are recommended by Classifyer of ground water purification and their disadavnatages with considerable operational cost. The common disadvantage of these installations is high energy consumption for production of one unit of distillate. The article presents an energy efficient solution of existing problem of water dessalination with low power consumption in combined water treatment device. The received results of experimental research of reverse distillate quality indicators after water treatment installation are to prove it’s operationability and effectiveness for small power engineering and systems of heat supply.  The complex shows an energy consumption decrease, allows to engineers exclude the use of chemical reagents, the volumes of waste waters, to reduce considerably consumption of rinse water for own needs and cost of dessalination and purification of water, as well as cost on its warming. The article analyzes the current situation in technogenic zone of Aral Sea region. 

The present article describes ability of industrial appliance of electro- baromembrane processes for ultrapure water treatment. In addition, present paper describes impact of different factors on reverse osmosis permeability.

Advantages and disadvantages of various electrochemical energy storages were considered. The results of economic efficiency study of the various storage technologies integrated in photovoltaic power systems and backup power supply systems were demonstrated. It is shown that under frequent charging and discharging energy storage the lithiated iron phosphate batteries (LiFePO4) and vanadium redox batteries are the most suitable. For backup power supply system the sealed lead-acid batteries (AGM) are the most suitable.