RENEWABLE ENERGY
The paper is dedicated to the development of methods for the selection of areas suitable for the construction of wind farms. The territory analysis is performed considering physical and geographical limitations, peculiarities of nature management, ecological norms and the aesthetic value of the landscape. Relevant is the use of the modern GIS-technologies, which already contain a number of software solutions for calculation the potential of the territory, rises the actuality of the work. As a model for approbation of the developed methods territory of South-Eastern Crimea was selected.
THERMONUCLEAR ENERGY
HYDROGEN ECONOMY
The hydrated solid solutions Ba4Ca2Nb2-хРхO11 studied by thermogravimetry, and IR spectroscopy. It was found that the samples are able to reversible dissolution of water vapour, this process is accompanied by appearing in structure nonequivalent ОН-groups with different hydrogen-bonds. The protonic defects concentration reduces with increasing of phosphorus content and the concentration of different ОН-groups is redistributed. Concentration of hydroxyl groups involved in the strong hydrogen bonds (less thermally stable) decreases first.
STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
The approach based on the atomic radial distribution functions (RDF) theoretical building for volume, surface, and linear atomic structures was developed, accounting the escape depth of the analyzed signal, for interpretation of electron energy loses fine structure spectroscopy (EELFS) data. Basing on the made experiments and the theoretical investigations, the covalent bonds multiplicity values were determined for two carbine modifications formed on the different metal substrates with the different methods.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY
The article gives the results of settlement and analytical research of the compacted plastically deformed messenger wire of CC wire, and presents the calculated values of watt loss and energy in comparison with the standard messenger wire of C wire. The results of calculations have shown economic effect of the introduction of compacted messenger wire due to economy of electric energy loss.
The Kamchatka energy development strategy has relied on the use of natural gas and to a lesser extent renewable energy sources (RES) over the past 20 years. Since 2012 the Kamchatka region government has prepared HPP cascade construction on Zhupanova river. HPP development proponents refer to the experience of Iceland, which hydroelectric power plants produce three-quarters of electricity and geothermal power plants – one-quarter one. A comparison of the existing Iceland HPP and the planned cascade of Kamchatka shows that the main technical and economic parameters of HPP of Kamchatka significantly inferior to Iceland HPP. High risks as well as the high construction cost confirmed that the project is inadvisable, and it was closed. Therefore, further regional energy development depends on the RES and local fuel effective use.
ENVIRONMENTAL VEHICLES
The paper analyses the establishment of mass production of lithium-iron-phosphate-based batteries in Liotech Co., Ltd. (Novosibirsk) and studies the electrochemical characteristics of LT-LFP 300 model of batteries. Irreversible capacity for the batteries in the first (formation) cycle was the permissible value of 16.8%. The increase in normalized discharge current within 0.2 to 1.5 С interval had only little effect on the discharge capacity of LT-LFP 300. The discharge capacity of the batteries was virtually unchanged within the temperature range 0 оC to +50 оC while it reasonable declined with temperature decrease below 0 oC. Nevertheless, the LT-LFP 300 batteries demonstrated discharge capacity about ~67% even at –40 оC. When the temperature was increased again to positive values, full recovery of the former values of discharge capacity was observed. After 500 cycles at the normalized discharge current of 0.2 С with discharge depth of ≤80%, the discharge capacity of LT-LFP 300 gradually stabilized at the level of 85-90% in respect to initial value. Operational characteristics of the LT-LFP 300 batteries comply with similar products of other world companies. The lithium-iron-phosphate-based batteries produced by “Liotech” Co., Ltd. were successfully tried as an autonomous power supply in electric vehicles and stationary energy storage systems.
CATALYSIS
In the cathode active layer of a fuel cell with a solid polymer electrolyte process, the current generation takes place in support grains (agglomerates of carbon particles with supported platinum). The speed of this process essentially depends on a degree of support grains pores filling with water. Calculations show if support grains pores are completely filled with water the overall current density in the cathode active layer is much less than in the case of the pores partially or even completely free of water. The last variant of a cathode active layer functioning is realized when the release rate of pores from moisture due to evaporation and filtration of water exceeds the rate of flooding process of ones with water in the process of current generation. This study by method of computer simulation presents a specific example of determining the overall current density in the cathode active layer with varying the speed of emptiness process in pores from moisture due to filtration.
The first part of this paper considers the physical methods of research of polymers and copolymers, the impact of the electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields on their properties and characteristics, and new physical effects in the dynamics of chemical reactions.At the present time, these areas are developing successfully, including through research on additive technologies.